基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的铁路边坡危岩落石运动特性分析

Analysis of Movement Characteristics of Dangerous Rock Falling on Railway Slope Based on Drone Tilt Photography Technology

危岩落石是山区常见的地质灾害之一,对铁路运营安全造成威胁。基于无人机倾斜摄影技术,通过实景三维建模及后期点云数据处理,得到边坡断面,利用数值模拟研究黔张常铁路张家界禾家村车站高陡边坡危岩落石的运动特性。介绍无人机倾斜摄影及实景三维建模技术在危岩落石分析过程中的应用,实现了现场工点的实景还原;获得了现场工点的点云数据,详细介绍点云的处理过程;基于点云得到现场工点的边坡断面,利用RocFall软件,得到危岩落石的运动特性(落石轨迹、弹跳高度冲击能量、冲击速度)。研究结果表明:无人机倾斜摄影技术,可以很好地应用到危岩落石运动特性分析中,为危岩落石运动特性研究提供精确的断面数据信息;禾家村车站高陡边坡落石下落至坡底后仍然具有较高的冲击能量和速度,存在入侵铁路所在区域的可能,需施加防护措施来降低落石对铁路安全运营的威胁。

Dangerous rock falling is one of the common geological disasters in mountainous areas,which often threatens the safety of railway operations.Based on the drone tilt photography technology,the slope section is obtained through real-scene 3D modeling and later point cloud data processing,and numerical simulation is used to study the movement characteristics of the dangerous rock falling on the high and steep slope of the Zhangjiajie Hejiacun Station on the Qianjiang-Changde Railway.The paper introduces the application of drone tilt photography and real-scene 3D modeling technology in the analysis of rockfall to realize the real scene restoration of on-site work points and obtain the point cloud data of on-site work places,and presents the point cloud processing in detail.Based on the point cloud,the slope section of the site is obtained,and the RocFall software is used to study the movement characteristics of the dangerous rockfall(rockfall trajectory,bounce height,impact energy,impact velocity).The research results show that the drone tilt photography technology can be effectively used in the analysis of the movement characteristics of rockfall,and provide accurate section data information for the study of the movement characteristics;the rocks after falling on the bottom of the high and steep slopes of Hejiacun Station still remain high impact energy and speed,and may invade the railway territory,which requires protective measures to reduce the threat of rockfall to the safe operation of the railway.