湖南省郴州市新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情的流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of COVID-19 clusters in Chenzhou,Hunan Province

【目的】分析郴州市8起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情流行病学特征,为疫情防控供科学依据。【方法】对8起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情进行描述性流行病学分析,比较和分析家庭内外密切接触者感染率差异,并对2起典型案例进行重点阐述。【结果】2020年1—2月,郴州市共报告8起新型冠状病毒肺炎聚集性疫情,共31个病例。家庭引入病例感染来源以湖北省输入为主。67.74%的病例有咳嗽症状,其次为发热,占54.84%。家庭内密切接触者感染率(55.00%)高于家庭外感染率(2.56%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=28.177,P<0.001);家庭引入病例的配偶感染率为85.71%,高于父母(77.78%)、其他家庭成员(44.44%)和子女(40.00%)的感染率,4种人群感染率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.004,P=0.120)。2起典型案例提示COVID-19潜伏期患者和无症状感染者具有向体外排出病毒而成为传染源的可能。【结论】切实做好家庭防控措施,及早对疫情重点地区人员开展采样筛查,有助于对阳性感染者早发现、早隔离和早治疗,避免家庭聚集性疫情发生和疫情传播。

[Objective]To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of 8 clusters of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Chenzhou City,and provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control.[Methods]Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted for 8 COVID-19 clusters,comparing and analyzing the differences of infection rates among close contacts within and outside the family,and emphatically describing two typical cases.[Results]8 COVID-19 clusters were reported in Chenzhou with a total of 31 cases from January to February,2020.The main source of infection of the family index cases was Hubei Province.Cough symptoms were observed in 67.74%of the cases,followed by fever(54.84%).The infection rate of close contacts within the family(55.00%)was higher than that outside the family(2.56%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=28.177,P<0.001).The infection rate of spouse of the family index cases was 85.71%,higher than that of parents(77.78%),other family members(44.44%)and children(40.00%),and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=6.004,P=0.120).Two typical cases suggested that both COVID-19 pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic patients have the potential to excrete the virus from the body and become sources of infection.[Conclusion]Effective family prevention and control measures and early sampling and screening of people in key epidemic areas are conducive to early detection,early isolation and early treatment of infected people,so as to avoid the occurrence and spread of family clusters.