江西省宜春市城区中小学生营养状况调查

Nutritional status of primary and middle school students in Yichun City,Jiangxi Province

【目的】通过调查宜春市城区中小学生的营养状况,提出相应的改进措施,使中小学生饮食更加健康。【方法】采用分层抽样调查方法,于2019—2020年在宜春市10个县(市、区)城区抽取中小学学生进行体检,评估城区中小学生营养状况。【结果】在调查的8921名中小学生中,生长迟缓62名(0.69%)、消瘦735名(8.24%)、超重1130名(12.67%)、肥胖662名(7.42%)。小学生的消瘦比例最高,为10.54%(360/3414),初中生为7.07%(214/3026),高中生最低,为6.49%(161/2481),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=39.51,P<0.05)。男生营养状况失衡比例为35.66%(1578/4425),高于女生的22.49%(1011/4496),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=187.91,P<0.01)。【结论】宜春市城区中小学生营养不足、超重、肥胖均存在,男生和低年级学生尤须关注,应针对不同营养问题进行干预。

[Objective]To understand the basic nutrition situation of primary and secondary school students in the urban area of Yichun City,and to provide corresponding strategies and measures for the improvement of the nutrition of children and adolescents.[Methods]A stratified sampling method was used to select the urban primary and secondary school students in 10 counties(cities,districts)in Yichun City from 2019 to 2020 for physical examinations to assess their nutritional status.[Results]Among 8921 primary and middle school students surveyed,62(0.69%)were stunted in growth,735(8.24%)were emaciated,1130(12.67%)were overweight,and 662(7.42%)were obese.The weight loss rate of primary school students was the highest(10.54%,360/3414),followed by junior middle school students(7.07%,214/3026),and senior high school students(6.49%,161/2481).The difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=39.51,P<0.05).The proportion of unbalanced nutritional status of boys was 35.66%(1578/4425),which was higher than that of girls(22.49%,1011/4496),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=187.91,P<0.01).[Conclusion]Both malnutrition and overweight/obesity exist in primary and middle school students in Yichun City.We should pay special attention to boys and lower grade students,and intervene different nutritional problems.