刺激响应形状记忆材料的4D打印及其研究进展

Recent progress in 4D printing of stimulus-responsive shape memory materials

4D打印是一种基于刺激响应材料的增材制造技术。4D打印主要以3D打印为基础,但被制造的物体不再是静态,在外界刺激下,打印对象的形状、属性或功能具有随时间变化的特性,如热、光、磁、电、pH等。基于4D打印的刺激响应形状记忆材料(SMMs)具有制造工艺简单、变形能力大和刺激形式多样等优点。综述了4D打印形状记忆合金(SMAs),形状记忆聚合物(SMPs),形状记忆水凝胶(SMHs)的研究进展。同时,讨论了4D打印技术存在的问题及其应用前景。

4D printing is an additive manufacturing technology based on stimuli-responsive materials.Although 4D printing is mainly on the basis of 3D printing,the manufactured objects are no longer static in 4D printing.Under external stimuli containing heat,light,magnetism,electricity,pH and so on,the shape,properties or functions of the objects designed by 3D printing can change with time.Stimuli-responsive shape memory materials(SMMs)can be fabricated with 4D printing,which demonstrates the various merits such simple process to manufacture,powerful ability to transform,diverse stimuli-modalities,and so on.In this work,we focus on introducing the research progress of 4D printed shape memory alloys(SMAs),shape memory polymers(SMPs)and shape memory hydrogels(SMHs).At the end of this review,the problems and application prospect of 4D printing technology are discussed.