清末黄浦江治理之争与浚浦局的设立

The Regulation of the Huangpu River and the Establishment of the Whangpoo Conservancy Commission in the Late Qing Dynasty

本文基于浚浦局档案,还原了清末黄浦江治理之争和浚浦局设立的历史过程。在浚浦局开设过程中,中国官民并非完全被动,而是存在着中外各利益相关方复杂的博弈,《辛丑条约》签订后中国官员为防止航政主权旁落进行了坚决的斗争,并成功将浚浦局收回自办。1910年浚浦局的破产,暴露出官办机构存在严重的委托代理问题和资金问题,同时作为公共事业近代化的一个试错,浚浦局的两度设立也展现出公共物品提供主体由单一转向多元合作治理模式的过程。

Based on the archives of the Whangpoo Conservancy Commission (WCC),this article will reconstruct the history of the debate over the regulation of the Huangpu River and the foundation of the WCC.During the process of establishing the WCC,Chinese officials and common people were not entirely passive,in fact there was complex gambling among Chinese and foreign interest groups.After signing of the Boxer Protocol,Chinese officials struggled resolutely to avoid losing navigational sovereignty and finally reclaimed control of the WCC.The bankruptcy of the WCC in 1910 exposed the serious principal-agent and financial problems that existed in government-run institutions.At the same time,the history of the WCC illustrates the trial-and-error process in the modernization of a public utility,and also reveals the transformation of a provider of public goods in the process of shifting from a single subject to multi-cooperative governance model.