基于驾驶员人因的高速公路长大连续下坡路段线形组合设计方法

Research on the Alignment Combination Method of Long Downhill Section in Mountainous Expressway Based on Driver’s Human Factor

为建立基于驾驶员人因的山区高速公路长大连续下坡路段线形组合设计方法,通过大型货车自然驾驶试验,研究了驾驶员动态视觉参数在长大连续下坡路段的分布特性及线形组合对驾驶员视觉的影响规律,提出了长大连续下坡路段线形组合设计控制指标和标准。首先通过长大连续下坡路段自然驾驶行为试验,获取了驾驶员眼动参数;其次利用主成分分析法,建立了长大连续下坡路段驾驶员视觉负荷强度模型;最后提出了基于驾驶员视觉负荷强度的长大连续下坡路段纵坡组合及平纵线形组合设计方法。研究结果表明:传统的陡-缓-陡纵坡组合模式设置的缓坡并没有减轻驾驶员行车过程中的视觉负荷,长大连续下坡路段应尽可能采用单一纵坡模式进行展线;相邻坡段坡度差宜控制在1.5%以内,条件受限时也不应超过2.3%;直坡段宜将直坡组合度控制在0.02m^(-1)以内,弯坡段宜将弯坡组合度控制在0.25m^(-1)以内、条件受限时应控制在0.45m^(-1)以内。

In order to establish a linear combination design method for long and continuous downhill sections of mountain expressways based on the driver’s human factors,through the natural driving test of large trucks,the distribution characteristics of the driver’s dynamic visual parameters in the long and continuous downhill sections and the effect of the linear combination on the driver are studied.The control index and standard for the linear combination design of the road section with long and large continuous downhill longitudinal gradient are put forward.First,the driver’s eye movement parameters are obtained through the natural driving behavior test on the long and continuous downhill section;secondly,the principal component analysis method is used to establish the visual load intensity model of the driver on the long and continuous downhill section;finally,the driver’s visual load intensity is proposed based on the driver’s visual load intensity.The design method of the longitudinal gradient combination and the horizontal and vertical linear combination of the long and large continuous downhill section.The research results show that the gentle gradient set by the traditional steep-gentle-steep longitudinal gradient combination mode does not reduce the visual load of the driver during driving.For long and continuous downhill sections,a single longitudinal gradient mode should be used as much as possible to extend the line;the gradient difference of the adjacent gradient section should be controlled within 1.5%,and should not exceed 2.3% when the conditions are limited;the straight gradient combination should be controlled within 0.02 for the straight section,and the curved gradient combination should be controlled within 0.25 for the curved section.When restricted,it should be controlled within 0.45.