适宜在黑龙江省种植的饲料油菜品种筛选

Selection of forage rapeseed varieties suitable for planting in Heilongjiang Province

为选育适合黑龙江省种植的饲料油菜品种,试验以8个饲料油菜品种为研究对象,在不同生态区进行适应性鉴定。结果表明,通过熟期鉴定,8个油菜品种可分为快生型、中生型和慢生型。快生型品种数量少,叶片小、茎秆纤细、开花早、营养生长期短、物质积累量低,粗蛋白等营养成分含量低、纤维含量高,影响饲喂品质;慢生型品种植株矮小、叶片数量少,不利于机械化收获,生长速度慢、养分积累量低,不适合做青饲料;中生型品种植株高度适中,植株叶片宽大数量多,鲜重产量高、品质好,熟期适中,在黑龙江省可以种植2季。研究表明,饲12-38的适应性最好,其次是华油杂62,适合在黑龙江省不同生态区种植,而且适宜在盐碱土和连作大豆土壤种植。

To select and breed forage rapeseed varieties suitable for planting in Heilongjiang Province, eight forage rapeseed varieties were selected as research objects and their adaptability was identified in different ecological regions.The results showed that the eight rapeseed varieties could be divided into fast growing, medium growing and slow growing. The fast growing varieties had fewer quantity, small leaves, fine stalks, early flowering, short vegetative growth period, low substance accumulation, low content of crude protein and other nutrients, and high fiber content, which affected the feeding quality. Slow-growing varieties had short plants and few leaves, which were not conducive to mechanized harvesting, slow growth rate, low nutrient accumulation, not suitable for green forage. Medium growth type plant height was moderate, plant leaves broad quantity, fresh weight yield was high, quality was good, ripe period was moderate, which could be planted for two seasons in Heilongjiang Province. The experiment indicates that feed 12-38 has the best adaptability, followed by Hua Youza 62, above two varieties are suitable for planting in different ecological areas of Heilongjiang Province, and suitable for planting in saline-alkali soil and continuous soybean soil.