环境损害惩罚性赔偿适用研究

Study on the Application of Punitive Damages for Environmental Damage

随着《民法典》中环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度的确立,通过私法责任保护环境公益具备现实可行性。惩罚性赔偿作为具有准刑事罚性质的特殊民事责任,将其引入环境领域容易引发争议,需在破除争议的基础上明确环境损害惩罚性赔偿制度之功能定位。《民法典》对该制度只作了原则性规定,若要指导司法实践,还需从适用范围、构成要件、惩罚性赔偿金的归属和赔偿标准等方面予以细化和完善具体适用,以确保制度的有效推行和生态文明建设目标的实现。

With the establishment of the punitive compensation system for environmental damage in the civil code,it is feasible to protect environmental public welfare through private law liability.As a special civil liability with the nature of quasi criminal punishment,the introduction of punitive damages into the field of environment is bound to cause widespread disputes.It is necessary to clarify the functional orientation of the punitive damages system for environmental damage on the basis of breaking the disputes.The civil code only makes principled provisions on the system.In order to guide judicial practice,it is necessary to refine the scope of application,constituent elements,ownership of punitive damages and compensation standards,so as to ensure the effective implementation of the system and the realization of the goal of ecological civilization construction.