河南地区成人上颌第一磨牙解剖特点的锥形束CT观测

Cone-beam computed tomography observation of anatomical characteristics of adult maxillary first molars in Henan Province

目的:通过锥形束CT(CBCT)对河南地区成人上颌第一磨牙的解剖特点。方法:根据年龄分组筛选郑州大学第一附属医院口腔放射科行CBCT检查的成人上颌第一磨牙数据资料共500例,统计其根管数目、根管形态、根管弯曲度、髓室高度、各根管口间距离等解剖特点,并对根尖与上颌窦底的关系进行分析。结果:500颗牙齿中根管数目:四根管427颗(85.4%),三根管71颗(14.2%),双根管2颗(0.4%)。根管形态:近颊根管中Ⅱ型214个(43.0%)、Ⅰ型109个(21.9%)、Ⅳ型95个(19.1%)、Ⅲ型80个(16.1%);远颊根管和腭侧根管全为Ⅰ型根管。各牙根根尖多数位于上颌窦底下方。随着年龄的增长,髓室高度降低。近颊根管口与远颊根管口的距离在40岁前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:成人上颌第一磨牙解剖形态复杂,锥形束CT可以从不同的角度分析上颌第一磨牙的解剖特点,从而为临床诊疗提供支持。

Aim:To analyze the anatomical characteristics of maxillary first molars of adults in Henan Province by cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT).Method:A total of 500 adult maxillary first molars which were selected based on the age were examined by CBCT at the Department of Radiology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.The number,shape and curvature of root canals,height of pulp chamber,distance between each canal orifice and other anatomical characteristics were analyzed,and the relationship between root apex and maxillary sinus floor was analyzed.Results:There were 427(85.4%)four canals,71(14.2%)three canals and 2(0.4%)double canals in 500 maxillary first molars.In mesiobuccal root canal,214 typeⅡ(43.0%),109 typeⅠ(21.9%),95 typeⅣ(19.1%),80 typeⅢ(16.1%).Distobuccal root canal and palatine lateral root canal were all typeⅠroot canal.The root apexs of most teeth were located below the maxillary sinus floor.The height of the pulp chambers decreased with age.The distance between mesiobuccal and distolbuccal root canal orifices was significantly different around the age of 40 years(P<0.05).Conclusion::The anatomical morphology of adult maxillary first molars is complex.CBCT can be used to analyze the anatomical characteristics of maxillary first molars from different sides so as to provide support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.