温州40年生降香木材物理力学性质研究

Physical and Mechanical Properties of 40-years Dalbergia odorifera Wood in Wenzhou

为验证降香Dalbergia odorifera在温州种植的发展前景,本文采伐了浙江省温州市瓯海区40年生降香1株,测定分析其不同部位木材的心材率变化和木材的物理力学性质。结果表明,树干基部的心材率最大,为45.36%,树高6.5 m以下的平均心材率为16.19%;主干心材的平均气干密度为0.792 g·cm^(-3),接近《红木》GB/T 18107—2017规定香枝木类心材气干密度要求,且大于主干边材的平均气干密度(0.736 g·cm^(-3));主干材的平均抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度、全部横纹抗压强度(径向)和全部横纹抗压强度(弦向)分别为101.6MPa、60.2MPa、13.9MPa和12.7MPa,皆与木材密度正相关;主干的抗弯弹性模量为10620MPa,受密度影响不明显。对比发现温州40年生降香的材性不亚于广西南宁50年生降香木材,推测气候胁迫更有利于心材的累积。温州引种降香成功,对推动其在温州当地更大范围内种植和可持续发展具有重要的指导意义。

In May 2016. 40-year Dalbergia odorifera tree with height of 9.65 m in Wenzhou was felled and was placed indoor for 3 years.Determinations were carried out then on its heartwood percentage and wood physical and mechanical properties. The result showed that the biggest heartwood percentage was 45.36% at base, 16.19% of mean rate below 6.5 meters of the trunk. The average air-dry density of heartwood is 0.792 g/cm^(3), higher than that of sapwood. The average bending strength(MOR), compressive strength parallel to the grain, compression strength perpendicular to the grain(radial loading) and compression strength perpendicular to the grain(tangential loading) were respectively 101.6 MPa, 60.2 MPa, 13.9 MPa and 12.7 MPa, and all of the them had positive relation to wood density. The modulus of elastic(MOE) was 10 620 MPa, with no obvious effect with wood density.