中外交流视域下唐代香文化探索——以儒释道焚香为中心

The Study on Incense Culture in Tang Dynasty Under the Perspective of Chinese and Foreign Exchanges——Center on Burning Incenses of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism

唐代丝绸之路发达,经济文化交流频繁,直接促进了香文化的发展。在唐代二百八十九年间,香的用途极为普遍,儒释道“三教”用香各有特点。据说,用香仪式始于印度佛教,经由“丝绸之路”传入中国,形式多样,最具国际性;儒家用香主要体现在宗庙祭祀及国忌行香,最重礼仪等级;道教为“皇族宗教”,其用香及仪式则最为讲究。由此,用香与宗教信仰相融合,是中外宗教文化交流、宗教与世俗交流的重要形式,故“三教”用香又具有相通之处。香文化是唐代儒、释、道文化的重要组成部分,极大地丰富了唐人的物质与精神生活,对后世产生了一定影响。

In Tang Dynasty,The SilkRoad was developed rapidly,economy and culture communicated with other countries frequently,which promoted development of incense culture directly.During 289 years in Tang Dynasty,the using of spices was very common,Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism's burning incenses,each of them had their own features.It is said that the burning incense's custom originated from Buddhism of India.It was introduced into China along the Silk Road,there were various forms,and which was the most international.Burning incenses of Confucianism mainly reflected in the ancestral shrine and state avoid line incense,and it most paid attention to hierarchy of rituals.Taoism was named royal religion,the custom of burning incenses was the most fastidious.Therefore,burning incenses and religion were integration with each other,which was important form of Chinese and Foreign religious cultural communication,religion and secular contact.The burning incense's custom of"three religions"had something in common.The incense culture was important component of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism's culture in Tang Dynasty,which enriched people's material and spiritual life greatly,and had certain impact on later ages.