基于游客凝视的景区评价--以天津民园广场为例

Evaluation of Scenic Spots Based on Tourist Gaze:a Case Study of Tianjin Minyuan Square

现代旅游主要由两部分组成--旅游欲望的产生与满足的过程。约翰·厄里认为"游客凝视"是社会建构的行为,旅游主要通过"凝视主体"对"被凝视客体"过程中的符号收集和消费构建体验。政府及规划者凝视作为旅游建构生产过程中的"第一道工序",甲乙双方以旅游经济发展为目的,将文化遗产地纳入城市更新设计的范畴,合谋构建"游客凝视",试图对地方文化、历史遗产进行发掘与提炼,将其抽象化、符号化、浪漫化,使之成为游客的朝圣之地。作为差异化和特色符号重要展示窗口的博物馆、历史文化街区、名胜古迹几乎都加入这场符号建构的热潮之中,以游客们期待中的形象重新出现。以2014年第3次更新改造后的天津五大道景区民园广场为例,以"游客凝视"为理论工具,通过对政府委托第三方调查的关于旅游区消费者满意度市场数据,和借助python爬虫技术抓取大众点评中的场地评价关键词这两种数据进行分析,研究天津五大道民园广场更新后的游客评价,试图借助评价体系中的多个指标反映出的特征与相互关系理解游客对于当下民园广场的空间评价和情感取向,进而对此类迎合大众游客期许的建构机制做利弊之辨。

Modern tourism mainly consists of two parts:the generation of tourism desire and the process of satisfying desire.John Urry believes that " tourist gaze " is a social construction behavior,and tourism mainly constructs experience through symbol collection and consumption in the process of " gaze subject " to " gazed object ".The government and planners gaze as the " first process " in the process of tourism construction and production.For the purpose of tourism economic development,both A and B incorporate cultural heritage sites into the category of urban renewal design,and conspire to construct " tourist gaze ".They attempt to explore and refine local cultural and historical heritages,and abstract,symbolic and romanticize them to make them a pilgrimage place for tourists.As an important display window for differentiation and characteristic symbols,museums,historical blocks and places of interest have almost all joined the upsurge of symbol construction,reappearing with the image expected by tourists.This paper takes the minyuan square of Tianjin Five Avenue Scenic Area as an example,which is the third renovation in 2014,and takes " tourist gaze " as the theoretical tool.Through the analysis of two data sources,namely,the market data on consumer satisfaction in tourist areas commissioned by the government and the site evaluation in the public comment on the key word minyuan square with python crawler technology,this paper studies the updated tourist evaluation of Tianjin Five Avenue Garden Square.This paper attempts to understand the spatial evaluation and emotional orientation of tourists for the current minyuan square by using the characteristics and relationships reflected by multiple indicators in the evaluation system,and then make a distinction between the advantages and disadvantages of such construction mechanism to cater to the expectations of public tourists.