从“低成本”优势向数字经济大国优势转变的政策选择

Policy Choice for the Transformation from the"Low Cost"Advantage to the Super-Scale Digital Economy Advantage

在以数字化技术为核心的第三次技术革命和全球新冠肺炎疫情的共同影响下,发达国家加快调整其供应链的全球布局,全球经济分工体系正在经历由传统工业化、信息化迈向数字化时代的历史性重构。能否成功应对其挑战,对中国构建新发展格局、全面建设社会主义现代化强国具有重要意义。中国作为人口大国和世界第二大经济体,在人力资本、数字基础设施和“数据”要素等方面颇具潜力,亟须以新的战略视角将其转换为可持续的增长新动力和全球数字经济分工中的“新优势”。在此过程中,应科学理性地认识现阶段劳动力成本的上升,将政策着力点聚焦于优化人才供给结构,扩大与新兴前沿技术和数字经济发展更加匹配的高层次专业人才规模。加快完善与“数据”要素相关的政策体系,在国家层面构建一体化的绿色能源与数字基础设施空间体系,推动形成更具规模的数字经济发展生态系统。

Driven by the third technological revolution and the outbreak of the COVID-19,developed countries are speeding up reshaping their domestic supply chains.In this context,the global economic division is experiencing a new wave of reshoring,which radically different from the traditional industrial era.It is essential to tackle these challenges for fully building a modern socialist country in the future.This paper explores the potential comparative advantage,and presents a series of policy options from the perspective of digital transition.As a populous country and the second largest economy in the world,China has latent advantages in terms of human capital,digital infrastructure,and data element.The crucial choice is to make a strategic adjust,leverage"potential advantage"to achieve digital economic transformation and prosperity.In that sense,we need a more scientific and new thinking about the increasing of labor costs during the current stage.The most important policy agenda is to place a higher priority on advancing the structure of human capital,enlarge the scale of high-level professional talents and nurture potential innovator,stand at the emerging frontier technologies and the development of the digital economy.It is also necessary to make a comprehensive policy package to maximize the benefit from"data",and build an integrated green energy&digital infrastructure system at the national level,which can construct full-scale conducive ecosystem for the development digital economy.