主体行动视角下的网络舆论政策议程触发机制探究--基于40例网络公共事件的清晰集定性比较分析

Research on the Trigger Mechanism of Network Public Opinion Policy Agenda from the Perspective of Subject Action:Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on Clear Set Analysis of 40 Network Public Events

[目的/意义]网络舆论是网络时代公众表达利益诉求与政策意见的产物,在一定程度上反映了政府与公民之间的关系,有助于政策主体有效地谋求民意的最大公约数。但是,并不是所有的网络舆论都能形成正向的治理推力,需要把握网络舆论议程设定的基本逻辑,方能对其进行正向引导,发挥其提升公共治理能力的功能。[方法/过程]文章通过主体行动网络理论,提取“主体—策略—资源”三维度共7个要素的分析框架;进而运用该分析框架,采用清晰集定性比较分析方法对40例公共事件进行分析,探究网络舆论议程触发模式及其影响因素。[结论/结果]研究表明,网络舆论议程设定是多条件变量共同发挥作用的结果,触发网络舆论议程设定主要有“政府倡导”“公共压力”“媒体推动”“专家引导”等模式。在具备“上一层级”支持的必要条件时,公共压力、大众媒体推动以及专家学者的引导有助于加快政府的关注速度,推动政策议程设定。因此,需要在网络舆论场中充分发挥政府、大众媒体与专家学者的作用,推动公共问题向公共政策问题的转化,进而化解社会矛盾和冲突。

[Purpose/significance]Network public opinion is the product of public interest appeals and policy opinions expressed in the Internet era.To some extent,it reflects the relationship between the government and citizens,and helps policy subjects effectively seek the largest common divisor of public opinion.However,not all network public opinion can form positive governance thrust.It is necessary to grasp the basic logic of network public opinion agenda setting in order to conduct positive guidance and give play to its function of improving public governance capacity.[Method/process]Based on the agent action network theory,this study extracted an analytical framework of seven elements from three dimensions of“agent,strategy and resource”.Then,this framework is used to analyze 40 cases of public events with a clear set qualitative comparative analysis method to explore the triggering mode of network public opinion agenda and its influencing factors.[Result/conclusion]The research shows that the agenda setting of network public opinion is the result of the joint action of multiple conditional variables,and the main triggers for the agenda setting of network public opinion are“government advocacy”,“public pressure”,“media promotion”,“expert guidance”and other modes.When the necessary conditions for“upper level”support are in place,public pressure,mass media promotion and guidance from experts and scholars can help accelerate the speed of government attention and promote policy agenda setting.Therefore,it is necessary to give full play to the role of the government,mass media and experts and scholars in the field of network public opinion,promote the transformation of public issues into public policy issues,and then resolve social contradictions and conflicts.