294例儿童变应性鼻炎血清过敏原分析

Analysis of Serum Allergens in 294 Children With Allergic Rhinitis

目的研究本地区变应性鼻炎患儿血清过敏原种类及分布特点。方法选取2020年7月—2021年6月在我院耳鼻喉科门诊临床诊断为AR的患儿294例作为研究对象,对其血清过敏原结果进行统计分析,并且比较各个季度患者病例数,阳性率以及过敏原分布情况。结果患儿联合检测总IgE和特异性IgE,阳性检出率为93.54%。吸入组中粉尘螨(52.04%)、户尘螨(51.02%)、霉菌组合(念珠菌/点青霉/黑曲霉/交链孢霉)(38.44%),食物组中牛奶(25.17%)、鸡蛋白(15.31%)、虾/蟹(13.27%)是本地最主要的过敏原。一年中,二、三季度的病例数(104,94)和阳性率(92.31%,91.49%)最高,其中尘螨第三季度阳性率(70.21%)高于其他时间,差异具有统计学意义。男性患儿阳性检出率为87.17%,女性患儿阳性检出率为91.59%。幼儿、学龄前儿童和学龄期儿童之间,粉尘螨、户尘螨、牛奶的阳性率差异具有统计学意义。结论尘螨是丹阳地区AR患儿最主要的过敏原,每年7~9月为致病的高发期,其他季节差异无统计学意义。不同性别间过敏原的阳性率差异无统计学意义。除粉尘螨、户尘螨、牛奶以外,不同年龄间过敏原的阳性率差异无统计学意义。

Objective To study the types and distribution characteristics of serum allergens in children with allergic rhinitis in this area.Methods A total of 294 children who were clinically diagnosed with AR in the ENT clinic of our hospital from July 2020 to June 2021 were selected as the research objects,and their serum allergen results were statistically analyzed.Results The combined detection of total IgE and specific IgE in children,the positive detection rate was 93.54%.Dust mites(52.04%),house dust mites(51.02%),mold combinations(Candida/penicillium/Aspergillus niger/Alternaria)(38.44%)in the inhalation group,milk(25.17%),Egg white(15.31%)and shrimp/crab(13.27%)in the food group are the main local allergens.In a year,the number of cases(104,94)and the positive rate(92.31%,91.49%)were the highest in the second and third quarters,among which the positive rate of dust mites in the third quarter(70.21%)was higher than other times,the difference was statistically significant.The positive detection rate of male children was 87.17%,and the positive detection rate of female children was 91.59%.There are statistically significant differences in the positive rates of dust mites,house dust mites,and milk among infants,preschool children and school-age children.Conclusion Dust mites are the most important allergen in children with AR in Danyang.The high incidence period is from July to September every year.There is no statistically significant difference in other seasons.There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between different sexes.Except for dust mites,house dust mites,and milk,there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rate of allergens between different ages.