深圳市零售业空间格局及影响因素

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Retailing in Shenzhen

零售业空间布局和发展趋势对于指导城市近期建设、统筹城市远期发展具有重要意义。文章基于深圳市零售业POI(Point of Interest)数据,运用核密度分析、最邻近指数、空间自相关分析方法,研究深圳市总体及不同类型零售业POI的空间分布特征;结合深圳市网格办实际管理人口数据、路网数据、地铁站点数据及商业地价数据,采用双变量Moran′s I分析法,进一步探讨深圳市零售业空间格局的影响因素。结果显示:(1)深圳市零售业总体空间分布模式呈现出"两核—三带—零星"式空间分布形态。"两核—三带"区域呈现以交通干线为轴线的带状分布空间格局特征,"零星"区域呈现小范围零星集聚分布的点状分布形态;(2)深圳市总体零售业表现出多层次的等级体系,空间分布不均衡,呈现原关内地区密集、原关外地区零散,中西部密集、东部零散的特点;(3)各类别零售业大都集中在深圳市中部和西部地区,空间分布具有集聚特征并存在明显差异;(4)总体及各类别零售业受人口密度影响最大,受路网密度的影响次之,受商业地价和地铁可达性的影响较小。

The spatial layout and development trends of the retailing are of great significance to guide the city’s recent construction and coordinate the city’s long-term development.Based on the retailing POI(Point of Interest)data,this research uses kernel density analysis,nearest neighbor index,and Global Moran’s I to analyse the spatial distribution characteristics of overall and different types of retailing in Shenzhen.Combining the actual statistical population data,road data,metro station data and commercial land price data,this study further explores the influencing factors of the spatial pattern of retailing in Shenzhen by using Bivariate Moran’s I method.The results show:1)The overall spatial distribution of retailing in Shenzhen can be described as two cores,three belts and scatters.The areas of two cores and three belts show the characteristics of a belt-like spatial distribution pattern with the main traffic line as the axis.The scattered areas present small-scale sporadic agglomerations and dot-like distribution patterns.2)The overall retailing in Shenzhen exhibits a multi-level structure.Its spatial distribution is unbalanced,presenting the characteristics of concentrated in Guannei area,scattered in Guanwai area,concentrated in the central and western regions,and scattered in the east region.3)The spatial distribution of various types of retailing are concentrated in the central and western regions of Shenzhen.There are obvious differences in spatial distribution among various types of retailing.4)The spatial distributions of overall and various types of retailing are most affected by population density,followed by road density,and less affected by commercial land price and metro station accessibility.