中国西南地区传统村落空间分布特征及其影响机理

Spatial Distribution and the Impact Mechanism of Traditional Villages in Southwest China

传统村落作为历史文化、民俗风情、建筑艺术的重要载体,是中国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分。以我国西南地区1912个传统村落为案例,运用计量地理法与GIS空间分析探索传统村落空间分布特征及其影响机理。结果表明:(1)西南地区传统村落空间分布不均衡,区域差异明显,且逐渐形成滇西北、黔东南—黔东北、黔南和云南红河州四大高密度区。(2)地理探测器因子探测结果显示:自然环境的影响因子最强,地域文化次之,经济发展水平等人文社会因子影响力较弱;各影响因子间交互作用增强,且海拔高程、坡向和河流间两两交互的增强作用最为明显。(3)从影响机理来看,西南地区传统村落的形成演化是自然环境、社会经济和政策导向交互耦合作用的结果。自然环境因素是决定西南地区传统村落的空间结构和发展方向的"基石",起着主导作用;人文社会因素是传统村落发展演化的内在驱动因素;政策导向是形成现有空间格局的外在动因。

Traditional villages are an important medium of Chinese historical and traditional culture,folk customs,and architectural art.This paper takes an in-depth look at 1912 traditional villages in Southwest China,and applies methods of quantitative geography and GIS spatial analysis to explore traditional villages’spatial distribution characteristics and impact mechanism.Results show that:1)The traditional villages in southwest China exhibits the charateristics of uneven spatial distribution and evident regional differences,which forms four high density areas in northwest Yunnan,southeastnortheast Guizhou,southern Guizhou and Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture.2)According to the geographic detector model,the results show that natural environment factor plays the most important role in the spatial distribution of village,followed by cultural and social factors,such as regional culture and economic development level.Interaction effect among different influencing factors are enhanced,and the interaction effects between altitude,slope direction and rivers are the most obvious.3)In light of cultural impact mechanisms,the formation and evolution of traditional villages in southwest China is the result of interactive coupling caused by natural environment,social economy and policy orientation.The natural environment plays a leading role,which is the"cornerstone"that determines the spatial structure and developmental direction of traditional villages in southwest China.Cultural and social factors are the internal driving factors for the development and evolution of traditional villages,policy orientation is the external force.