实践知识指向下美国后实用主义教育探析——以Minerva大学为例

On Post-Pragmatism Education in USA from Perspective of Practical Knowledge——Taking Minerva Schools as an Example

实用主义是美国高等教育的重要理念,并为世界教育理论与实践作出重要贡献。21世纪以来,实用主义教育逐渐显露出教育质量下降、人才培养与社会需求脱轨等危机。为此,美国的高等教育进入以实践知识为指向的后实用主义阶段。Minerva大学作为后实用主义教育的典范,在人才目标、课程设计、教学方式等方面进行了全方位创新。研究发现,以培养批判性、创新性、有效沟通与互动等思维的实践性课程为载体,沉浸式地培养学生主动学习并运用实践性知识,最终归回人本的教育方式是美国后实用主义教育的精髓,也为我国高等教育现代化建设提供了经验。

Pragmatism is an important concept in the higher education in the United States, and contributes greatly to the world’s educational theory and practice. Since the 21 st century, pragmatism education has gradually faced some crises, such as the decline of education quality and the mismatch between talents and social needs, and so on. For this reason, American higher education has entered the post-pragmatism stage, which is oriented by practical knowledge. As a model of post-pragmatism education, Minerva Schools has made all-around innovations in talent objectives, curriculum design and teaching methods. Study found that in practical courses as a carrier to cultivate the students’ critical and creative thinking, and help students to effective communication and interaction, in the process of immersion experience help students active learning and practical knowledge, pay attention to the implementation of humanistic education, more than a series of experience is the essence of American post-pragmatism education, and also provides experience for China’s higher education modernization.