陶行知乡村教师队伍建设理念与实践研究

Tao Xing-zhi's Concept and Practice of Rural Teachers Team Construction

近代以来,乡村教师在整个教师群体中便处于相对弱势地位。民国时期,人民教育家陶行知主张通过加强乡村教师队伍建设以达到普及教育之成效。他高度肯定乡村教师的作用,将乡村教师看作乡村社会改造者,主张“向农型”乡村教师培养模式,鼓励师范生、教育者支援乡村教育。此外,他还创办了第一所培养乡村教师的师范学校——晓庄师范学校,成为我国乡村师范教育的重要里程碑。陶行知乡村教师队伍建设理论与实践的研究,对乡村教师队伍建设的启示包括加强教师乡村适应性培养、鼓励教师参与乡村自治、加强乡村教师内外交流、构建乡村教师学习共同体。

Since the modernization of China's education,rural teachers have been in a weak position in the whole group of teachers.The construction of rural teachers team has become a breakthrough point to improve the quality of rural education.During the republican period,Tao Xing-zhi,a people s educator,advocated to strengthen the construction of rural teachers to achieve the effect of universal education.He highly affirmed the role of rural teachers,regarded rural teachers as rural social reformers,advocated the“agriculture oriented”rural teacher training mode,and established and encouraged normal students and educators to support rural education.In addition,he founded Xiao-zhuang Normal School,the first normal school to train rural teachers in China,which became an important milestone in China's rural normal education.The Enlightenment of Tao Xingzhi's theory and practice of rural teacher team construction includes strengthening the cultivation of rural adaptability of teachers,encouraging teachers to participate in rural autonomy,strengthening the internal and external communication of rural teachers,and building a learning community of rural teachers.