安全生产风险治理领域的突出矛盾及化解思路——基于29起重特大危化品事故的分析

Prominent Contradictions and Solutions in the Safety Production Risk Governance:Analysis Based on 29 Hazardous Chemical Accidents

近年来,中国的安全生产风险治理体系和能力有了长足的进步,但是安全生产形势依然严峻。基于2010—2019年29起重特大危化品事故的分析显示,当前安全生产风险治理领域存在着突出矛盾,包括风险隐患多而治理能力偏弱,从事安全生产及监管的人员的能力水平不能满足全社会日益增长的安全生产需求,新业态新技术发展快而治理理念与安全技术更新慢,源头治理和事后应急之间存在选择困境,以及治理制度网络日益致密而治理效能有待提升等五个方面。这些突出矛盾正是导致安全生产领域事故高发难治的关键原因。化解这些矛盾,需要坚持新发展理念,扎实推进安全生产治理体系与治理能力现代化,以人为本、提素养,科技支撑、补短板,优化机制、强弱项,完善制度、固根基,切实提高安全生产水平,实现安全发展目标。

In recent years,China′s safety production risk management system and capabilities have made great progress.However,the safety production situation remains grim.The analysis of the 29 heavy hazardous chemical accidents from 2010 to 2019 shows that there are prominent contradictions in the current safety production risk management,including many hidden risks and weak governance capabilities,increasing safety requirements and defects in safety supervision,rapidly-developing new business formats and new technologies and slowly updated governance concepts and technologies,the dilemma of source governance and post-event emergency,the dense governance system network and low governance efficiency.These prominent contradictions are precisely the key reasons that cause the frequent occurrence of safety production accidents and the difficulty in management.To resolve these contradictions,it is necessary to steadily advance the modernization of the production safety governance system and governance capabilities,put people first and improve its quality,use technology as the support and make up for shortcomings,optimize mechanisms,improve various management systems,and consolidate the foundation of governance,so as to continuously improve the level of safe production and achieve the goal of safe development.