由“三教融通”的文化背景解读唐宋以后关公信仰的发展与兴盛——兼论当前关公信仰发展根源的研究状况

To Interpret the Development and Prosperity of GUAN Gong Belief After Tang and Song Dynasties From the Cultural Background of"Integration of Three Religions"—On the Current Research Status of the Origin of the Development of GUAN Gong Belief

自唐宋至元明清的中国传统社会中后期,关公信仰的兴起与迅速发展成为中国文化史上极为独特的现象。在现有对其根源探索的研究成果中,不乏对作为历史人物的关羽的“忠义仁勇信”品格以及唐宋时期“三教融通”形势的肯定,但却未能将此二者放置于中国文化根本精神即人文立场和道德伦理观念中来审视,也未能从中国传统人文精神发展角度来认识宋代“三教融通”的时代精神。因此,难以使人从根本上理解在唐宋以后何以是关羽这一历史人物被选择作为神圣化的对象,也难以使人把握当今社会对关公信仰文化的传承与新文化建设的根基。

In the middle and late stages of Chinese traditional society from Tang and Song Dynasties to Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,the rise and rapid development of the GUAN Gong belief has become an extremely unique phenomenon in the history of Chinese culture.Among the existing research results of exploring its roots,there is no lack of affirmation of GUAN Yu's character of"loyalty,justice,benevolence,bravery and trust"as a historical person and the situation of"Integration of Three Religions"in Tang and Song Dynasties,but they have failed to examine these two in the fundamental spirit of Chinese culture,namely,the humanistic standpoint and moral and ethical concepts,and failed to understand the spirit of Song Dynasty's"Integration of Three Religions"from the perspective of the development of traditional Chinese humanistic spirit.Therefore,it is difficult for people to fundamentally understand why GUAN Yu,a historical figure,was chosen as the object of sanctification after Tang and Song Dynasties,and it is also difficult for people to grasp the foundation of the inheritance of GUAN Gong belief culture and the construction of new culture in today's society.