基于RSEI的采煤塌陷积水对生态环境的影响研究

Study on the impact of coal mining subsidence ponding on ecological environment based on RSEI

采煤塌陷积水是东部高潜水位矿区最主要的生态环境问题,但塌陷湖的形成给生态环境提供了难得的水资源,因此,研究塌陷积水后对周边生态环境的影响特征,对于指导矿区塌陷地生态恢复治理与湿地资源保护利用具有现实意义。本文以任楼煤矿塌陷积水区为研究区,以建矿至今的5期遥感影像为数据源,通过多光谱计算和主成分分析获取RSEI指数,并提取北、东、南、西四个方向数据,通过数据拟合与秩和检验。研究结果表明:(1)自2000年以来,研究区生态环境有较大改善,矿区土地复垦与生态恢复成效显著;(2)塌陷积水对周边生态环境总体上产生正面影响,影响具有显著的方向差异性和年度变化特征;(3)塌陷积水对生态环境的影响随距离呈"凸型"抛物线变化,平均影响范围约3.7 km,南北向约3.5 km,东西向不超过7.8 km,塌陷积水区形成后需要经土地整治工程才能最大程度发挥水域生态环境功能。

Coal mining subsidence ponding is the most important eco-environmental problem in the eastern high-water-table mining area,but the formation of subsidence lake provides rare water resources for the ecological environment.Therefore,the study on the impact characteristics of subsidence ponding on the surrounding ecological environment is of practical significance for guiding the ecological restoration and management of mining subsidence land and the protection and utilization of wetland resources.This paper takes the subsidence ponding area of Renlou coal mine as the research area,takes the five remote sensing images since the construction of the mine as the data source,obtains the RSEI index through multispectral calculation and principal component analysis,and extracts the data in the north,east,south and west directions,through data fitting and rank sum test.The results show that the ecological environment in the study area has been greatly improved since 2000,and the land reclamation and ecological restoration in the mining area have achieved remarkable results,and the land reclamation and ecological restoration in the mining area have achieved remarkable results.Collapse ponding has a positive impact on the surrounding ecological environment,with significant directional differences and annual changes.The impact of subsidence ponding on the ecological environment changes in a“convex”parabola with the distance,with an average impact range of about 3.7 km,about 3.5 km in the north-south direction and no more than 7.8 km in the east-west direction.After the formation of subsidence ponding area,land regulation works are required to give full play to the ecological environment function of the water area to the greatest extent.