艺术批评对象的转变:从“四要素”到“艺术界”

Change of Objects of Art Criticism:from"Four Elements"to"Art World"

“四要素”文论批评模型以“浪漫主义文学理论和文学批评传统”为主要讨论对象,同时也成为分析各种艺术理论、艺术批评的主要趋向。然而,所有的批评家、理论流派不可能对这四种要素同等重视。艺术从自律、他律走向通律性的过程,也是艺术批评不断扩大研究对象范围的过程。随着艺术边界的不断拓展,艺术的概念、定义、对象、场域、社会动力,甚至艺术终结与否都成了艺术批评所关注的对象,即艺术批评从“艺术学”的概念走向了“社会学”的概念。艺术批评的范围随着艺术边界逐渐扩展,研究对象也愈渐复杂,由艺术家、作品、观众、宇宙所形成的艺术批评模式进入社会性的、多层次的、多向关系的艺术批评模式。

The"Four elements"literary criticism model takes"romantic literary theory and literary criticism tradition"as the main object of discussion,and it has also become the main trend for analyzing various art theories and art criticisms.However,it is impossible for all critics and theoretical schools to attach equal importance to these four elements.The process of art from self-discipline and heteronomy to generality is also a process in which art criticism continues to expand the scope of research objects.With the continuous expansion of the boundaries of art,the concept,definition,object,field,social dynamics,and even the end of art have become the object of attention of art criticism,that is,art criticism has moved from the concept of"artology"to the concept of"sociology".With the gradual expansion of the art boundary,the scope of art criticism has become more and more complex.The art criticism model formed by artists,works,audiences,and the universe has entered a social,multi-level,and multi-directional art criticism model.