农村小学全科教师多学科融合能力职前培养的策略

Strategies of Pre-service Training of General Teachers'Multi-subject Integration Ability in Rural Primary Schools

农村小学全科教师是指能胜任小学两门及以上课程教学任务的综合性人才,多学科融合的能力是农村小学全科教师最重要的特征。具有多学科融合能力的农村小学全科教师有如下特征:认同教师职业,融汇贯通各学科的知识,胜任小学两门及以上学科教学,能开发、整合、实施课程资源,做到因材施教,胜任各项综合性工作。但目前各师范院校对于小学农村全科教师多学科融合能力的培养明显不足,主要表现为:培养目标局限性、课程设置的“拼盘”化、教育实施的机械化、教育实践的低效性、拓展活动的形式化。对此提出树立明确的培养目标、构建适宜的课程体系、改革课堂教学方式、强化教育实践环节、积极开展第二课堂、搭建线上线下交流平台等对策。

General teachers in rural primary schools are comprehensive talents capable of teaching two or more subjects in primary schools.The ability of multi-subject integration is the most important characteristic of rural primary school teachers.The general teachers in rural primary schools with the ability of multi-subject integration have the following characteristics:identifying with the teacher's profession,integrating the knowledge of some subjects,being competent in teaching two or more subjects in primary schools,being able to develop,integrate and implement curriculum resources,being able to teach students according to their aptitude,and being competent in all kinds of comprehensive work.However,at present,the training of multi-subject integration ability of rural teachers in primary schools by various normal colleges is obviously inadequate,the manifestations are as follows:the limitation of training goal,the splicing of curriculum,the mechanization of teaching implementation,the inefficiency of educational practice and the formalization of extension activities.Therefore,this paper puts forward some countermeasures,such as setting up clear training objectives,constructing suitable curriculum system,reforming teaching methods,strengthening the teaching practice,developing the second class activities,building the online and offline communication platform,etc..