CRISPR/Cas9基因组编辑技术及其在作物遗传改良中的应用进展

Research Progress on CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technology and Its Application in Crop Genetic Improvement

基因组编辑技术可对作物靶标基因进行定点删除、替换、插入等遗传操作,现已被广泛应用于作物基因功能解析和品种改良。简要介绍了基因编辑技术的发展历程,阐述了基因编辑技术CRISPR/Cas9系统的工作原理,以及基于CRISPR/Cas9的单碱基编辑、引导编辑器等一系列衍生编辑工具,同时总结介绍了近年来上述基因组技术在不同农作物性状改良中的应用实例。最后探讨了CRISPR/Cas9技术目前存在的一些局限性及其解决方法,并且对基因编辑技术未来在作物中的应用进行了展望。

Genome editing technology can execute genetic operations on crop target genes such as targeted deletion,substitution and insertion,and it is currently widely employed in crop gene function studies and variety development.This paper briefly discussed the evolution of gene editing technology,the CRISPR/Cas9 system's working principle,and a number of derivative editing tools based on CRISPR/Cas9 single base editing,prime editing,and so on.At the same time,the paper summarized the application examples of the above-mentioned genome technology in the improvement of different crop traits in recent years.Finally,some limitations of the current CRISPR/Cas9 technology and their solutions were discussed,and the future application of genome editing technology in crops was prospected.