小麦抗壳针孢叶枯病基因发掘及育种应用进展

Progress on Discovery and Application of Wheat Septoria tritici blotch Resistance Genes

小麦是世界第二大粮食作物,也是北方旱区重要口粮作物,对我国粮食安全和供给意义重大。小麦生长发育过程容易受到气候变化及病虫害的影响,其中小麦壳针孢叶枯病是小麦生产上的重要叶部真菌性病害,对小麦产量和品质造成严重威胁。筛选抗小麦叶枯病优异种质资源,发掘抗病基因,了解小麦叶枯病抗性遗传基础,培育并推广抗叶枯病小麦新品种是目前防控叶枯病最经济有效的措施。主要综述了小麦壳针孢叶枯病的危害、已鉴定的抗叶枯病主要基因/数量性状位点(QTL)、已克隆的抗叶枯病基因及分子机理,并对今后小麦叶枯病抗性研究重点及抗病分子育种进行了讨论。

As the second-largest cereal crop in the world,wheat is an important staple food crop in the northern arid area of China and give great significance to national food security and supply.Wheat suffers from climate change,pathogen and pests during growth and development,and Septoria tritici blotch(STB)is an essential foliar fungal disease,which threats wheat yield and quality in wheat production.Screening resistance wheat germplasms,identification of resistance genes,understanding the genetic basis of resistance and breeding and popularizing cultivars with high resistance for STB are the most economic and effective approaches.We summarized some progress on the current situation of STB,resistance genes/quantitative trait loci(QTL)to STB,cloned resistance genes to STB and molecular mechanism.Then we discussed the research priorities and molecular breeding for STB in future.Therefore,this review may provide a reference for genetic research and resistance breeding for STB.