山西谷子地方品种表型鉴定与应用分析

Analysis of Phenotypic Identification and Application of Foxtail Millet Landraces in Shanxi Province

通过分析山西省种质库保存谷子资源的表型数据信息,找出全省谷子资源中同名高频种质,明确其分布特点和基本特性,从中抽选55份高频谷子种质在大同、晋中和运城等地进行多点表型鉴定,以发掘优异种质及可供育种利用的性状。结果表明,大白谷、小黄谷、小红谷、大黄谷、竹叶青、六十日谷、白流沙、小白谷、三变化、朱砂红等种质名称在山西谷子地方品种中出现频次较高。表型鉴定表明,抽穗时间、主茎长度和茎粗随着纬度的降低呈下降趋势,穗长、穗粒质量和千粒质量相对稳定。对来源于晋中市的高频种质,在近40 a后的表型鉴定表明,主茎长度有所降低,单穗质量有所提高,茎粗和千粒质量相对稳定。

By analyzing the phenotypic data of millet resources preserved in Shanxi Germplasm Bank,the study found out the high-frequency germplasm with the same name in the millet resources of the whole province,defined its distribution characteristics and basic characteristics,selected 55 high-frequency millet germplasm for multi-point phenotypic identification in Datong,Jinzhong and Yuncheng,and discovered superior germplasm and traits for breeding use.The results showed that the germplasm names,such as Dabaigu,Xiaohuanggu,Xiaohonggu,Dahuanggu,Zhuyeqing,Liushirigu,Bailiusha,Xiaobaigu,Sanbianhua,Zhushahong,appeared high frequentcy in Shanxi millet local varieties.Phenotypic identification showed that the heading time,main stem length and stem diameter decreased with the decrease of latitude,panicle length,panicle grain quality and 1000-grain weight were relatively stable.For the high frequency germplasm from Jinzhong city,the phenotypic identification after nearly 40 years showed that the length of main stem decreased and the weight of single panicle quality increased,stem diameter and 1000-grain weight were relatively stable.