液压杆式自适应超高轨枕结构强度及影响因素分析

Analysis of structural strength and the influence factors on strength for a type of sleeper supported by hydraulic rod with set superelevation automatically

针对小半径曲线段上出现过超高与欠超高的现象,提出一种能够自动调节超高值的液压杆式轨枕,对轨枕的结构组成和工作原理作简要说明。基于有限元法建立轨枕及下部结构的三维模型,在此基础上,分析在列车荷载作用下,轨枕及下部装置在不同外轨超高状态下的结构强度,同时对比铰接件垫板面积、铰接件宽度、导向块长度和外轨支承钢块厚度等参数对轨枕及下部装置的结构强度的影响规律。研究结果表明:在承受垂向、纵向、横向荷载且轨枕外轨超高在150 mm以内时,轨枕及下部结构强度均符合材料强度要求;增加垫板面积能够降低铰接件和外轨处钢枕部位承受的最大压应力;增加导向块长度能降低导向块所承受的最大拉应力和最大压应力;铰接件宽度的增大不利于增加铰接件处的强度;支承钢块的厚度可适当减少来降低轨枕及下部装置整体重心。

A new type of sleeper supported by hydraulic rod which could set the superelevation automatically was designed for the problem of less superelevation and excess superelevation on small radius curve track.The brief description of the structural composition and working principle of sleeper was included.Based on the finite element method,the three-dimensional space finite element model of the upper sleeper and lower device was established.The strength of the upper sleeper and lower device under different superelevation settings were calculated.The influence of the supporting steel plate’s area,connector’s width,guiding block’s length,thickness of support steel block under outer rail on the strength were analyzed.The result shows that the strength of sleeper and lower device meets the requirements of material strength when the bearing vertical,longitudinal,lateral loads and the superelevation of outer rail is within 150 mm.Besides,increasing the supporting steel plate’s area can reduce the maximum compressive stress of connector and the sections of steel sleeper under outer rail side.Increasing the guiding block’s length can reduce the maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress of the guiding block.Increasing connector’s width will reduce the strength.The thickness can be appropriately reduced to reduce the overall center of gravity of the upper sleeper and the lower device.