互联网有效使用对农民工市民化的影响研究

The Influence of Effective Use of Internet on Migrant Workers’Citizenization

互联网的快速发展和广泛普及给农民工市民化带来新的机遇和挑战,然而,互联网等信息通信技术归根结底只是人们达到特定目的的技术手段和工具,它究竟会发挥积极功能还是消极作用,取决于主体的使用方式。利用2016年四城市农民工问卷调查数据,实证分析农民工的互联网使用现状及其对市民化的影响作用。结果显示:第一道数字鸿沟(接入沟)对农民工而言已不是迫切问题,但第二道数字鸿沟(使用沟)客观存在,并显著影响农民工市民化进程。具体而言,农民工群体中互联网普及率较高,接近90%;互联网使用方式以聊天、看新闻和娱乐为主,较少使用促进职业发展和技能提升的网络功能;互联网使用能够提升农民工市民化水平,但并非网络使用时间越长,市民化水平就越高;工具平台型和信息获取型互联网使用对农民工市民化有积极效应,而娱乐互动型互联网使用对市民化没有显著影响。因此,在继续提高农民工互联网使用率的基础上,提升农民工的网络素养,优化其互联网使用方式,对于推进农民工市民化具有积极意义。

The rapid development and popularization of the Internet has brought about new opportunities and challenges to the citizenization of migrant workers.Yet,the Internet,as well as other information and communication technologies,is,after all,a technological means and instrument for people to achieve specific aims.Whether the Internet plays a positive or negative role depends on the way of the subject to use it.Based on questionnaire survey data collected in four cities in 2016,an empirical analysis of the situations of migrant workers using the Internet and the influence on their citizenization shows there exist two digital gaps.The first one,the gap of accessibility,is no longer an urgent issue for migrant workers,but the second digital gap,that of use,exists in reality and evidently influences the urbanization progress of migrant workers.Specifically,the Internet availability rate in the migrant worker community is relatively high,up to 90 percent;they mostly use the Internet for chatting,news browsing,and entertainment,but seldom for promoting their vocational development and technical levels.While the use of Internet can elevate the citizenization level of migrant workers,it is not true that the longer time one uses the Internet,the higher one’s citizenization level is.Using the Internet as an instrumental platform and a channel of acquiring information has a positive effect on migrant worker’s citizenization,while using the Internet as an interactive entertainment has no evident effect for their citizenization.Therefore,improving migrant workers’network attainment and optimizing their ways of using the Internet have a positive significance for promoting their citizenization,besides further enhancing their Internet accessibility.