著作权制度基础的重塑:以正当性理论与法实践的互动为视角

Reflections on the Remodeling of Copyright System——From the Perspective of Interaction between Legitimacy Theory and Legal Practice

我国新修订的《著作权法》在一定程度上回应了经济社会发展的现实需要,使著作权权利体系更趋立法上的科学性和司法适用上的合理性。但遗憾的是,本次修订对著作权制度设计的基础缺少正当性的必要反思和审视,而未能解决著作权法之基础性问题的修法目标。从著作权制度运行层面来看,著作权正当性理论与著作权法实践存在互动异化,呈现出"二律背反"的现实效应,即著作权之自然法基础与著作权保护的单一化,以及著作权之功利主义理论基础与著作权保护的片面化之间的逻辑悖理。鉴于此,应以著作权正当性理论与著作权法实践的互动为视角对著作权制度设计基础进行整体性、系统性的反思和审视,从公众使用权的构造、公有领域立法条款的增设以及权利保护与作品传播之平衡机制等方面进行完善,以提升著作权的制度价值。

The newly revised "Copyright Law" has responded to the practical needs of economic and social development to a certain extent, making the copyright rights system more scientific and reasonable in legislation. However, it is regrettable that this revision lacks the necessary examination and reflection on the basis of copyright system design from the perspective of legitimacy theory, thus failing to solve the goal of revision of the basic issues of copyright law. From the perspective of the operation of the copyright system, there is an interactive alienation between the theory of copyright legitimacy and the practice of copyright law, showing a realistic effect of "the two-law-violating", that is, the logical paradox between the natural law basis of copyright and the simplification of copyright protection, and the utilitarian basis of copyright and the one-sidedness of copyright protection. In view of this, from the perspective of the interaction between copyright legitimacy theory and copyright law practice, this paper makes an overall and systematic reflection and examination on the basis of copyright system design, and improves it from the aspects of the structure of public use right, the addition of legislative provisions in the public domain and the balance mechanism between right protection and work dissemination, so as to enhance the institutional value of copyright.