我国游泳场所不同岗位从业人员呼吸道症状及影响因素分析

Analysis of Respiratory Symptoms and Related Influencing Factors among Employees in Different Positions of Swimming Places in China

目的分析游泳场所不同岗位从业人员呼吸道症状阳性率及其影响因素。方法采用2018年全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目数据,多阶段随机抽样的方法将117个监测城市610家游泳场所的3726名从业人员纳入本次研究。按照从业人员的不同岗位进行分组,采用卡方检验进行组间比较,采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。结果3726名研究对象中,教练或救生员岗位男性占88.4%,(20~29)岁占49.0%,(1~5)年工龄占58.4%。分层分析显示游泳场所教练或救生员不同症状阳性率普遍高于普通岗位。多因素Logistic回归显示工龄≥11 a、地区、岗位、被动吸烟、饮酒、通风不好是呼吸道症状发生的影响因素,OR(95%CI)值分别为1.90(1.31,2.74)、1.51(1.08,2.11)、2.19(1.75,2.73)、2.18(1.73,2.76)、1.20(1.01,1.42)、2.44(2.02,2.96)、2.39(1.92,2.97)、1.38(1.14,1.67)、2.74(2.34,3.22)。结论本研究显示游泳场所中工龄≥11年、地区差异、岗位差异以及被动吸烟、饮酒、通风情况影响从业人员呼吸道症状的发生。其中,教练或救生员比普通岗位从业人员发生呼吸道症状更加明显。建议对游泳场所内游泳池换水频次、消毒频次、通风措施、人流量等影响水质和室内环境的指标制定具体标准和规范。

Objective To investigate the positive rate of respiratory symptoms and related influencing factors among employees of different positions in swimming places in China.Methods Based on the China’s national data of health hazard monitoring in national public places in 2018,the multistage random sampling method was used to select 3726 employees from 610 swimming places in 117 monitoring cities as researched subjects,and they were divided into groups based on their position.Chi-square test was used for comparison between two groups,and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate related influencing factors.Results Among 3726 employees,for the position of coaches or lifeguard,male employees accounted for 88.4%,while employees aged(20-29)years accounted for 49.0%,and those with a length of service of(1-5)years accounted for 58.4%.The stratified analysis showed that the coaches or lifeguards in swimming places had significantly higher positive rates of different symptoms than these in ordinary positions.Multivariate logistic regression showed that length of service not less than 11 years,region,position,passive smoking,drinking,and poor ventilation were the influencing factors for positive respiratory symptoms,and the OR(95%CI)were 1.90(1.31,2.74)and 1.51(1.08,2.11),2.19(1.75,2.73),2.18(1.73,2.76),1.20(1.01,1.42),2.44(2.02,2.96),2.39(1.92,2.97),1.38(1.14,1.67),2.74(2.34,3.22),respectively.Conclusion This study shows that length of service over 11 years,regional difference,position difference,passive smoking,drinking,and ventilation affect the development of respiratory symptoms among the employees in swimming places,among whom coaches or lifeguards tend to have more obvious respiratory symptoms than those in ordinary positions.It is suggested to formulate specific standards and specifications for related indicators affecting water quality and indoor environment,such as water change frequency,disinfection frequency,ventilation measures,and visitor flow.