2011—2020年北京市海淀区尘肺病发病特征分析

Features of Pneumoconiosis in Haidian District of Beijing,China,from 2011 to 2020

目的了解2011—2020年北京市海淀区尘肺病分布特征及发病趋势,为防治尘肺病提出针对性的对策和建议。方法分析2011—2020年海淀区职业病网络报告数据并建立数据库,采用χ^(2)检验及方差分析对尘肺病的发病情况进行回顾性分析。结果2011—2020年共报告新发尘肺病10类142例,其中一期尘肺病126例(88.73%),二期12例(8.45%),三期4例(2.82%);2012年新发尘肺病最多,占33.10%,之后呈下降趋势;尘肺病前三位分别是陶工尘肺(51.41%)、矽肺(18.31%)、煤工尘肺(11.27%);发病年龄主要集中在(55~75)岁,占59.86%,接尘工龄主要集中在≥20年,占50.00%;尘肺病平均发病年龄为(64.69±11.44)岁,平均接尘工龄为(20.08±9.42)年,不同种类尘肺病组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三期尘肺病平均发病年龄为(50.78±16.97)岁,低于一期和二期尘肺病发病年龄(P<0.05);以制造业为主(64.79%);国有经济尘肺病数最多(80.99%);中型企业病例最多(64.79%)。结论该区尘肺病以陶工尘肺为主,主要集中在几家大、中型陶瓷企业,应加强重点企业的尘肺病防控措施,并对退休后粉尘作业人员开展追踪健康体检工作。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and incidence trend of pneumoconiosis in Haidian District of Beijing,China,from 2011 to 2020,and to provide corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the prevention and treatment of pneumoconiosis. Methods The data reported via the occupational disease network in Haidian District from 2011 to 2020 were analyzed and a database was established. Chi-square test and an analysis of variance were used to perform a retrospective analysis of the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Haidian District of Beijing. Results A total of 142 new cases of pneumoconiosis( 10 types) were reported in 2011-2020,among which there were 126 cases of stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis( 88. 73%),12 cases of stage Ⅱ pneumoconiosis( 8. 45%),and 4 cases of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis( 2. 82%). The highest number of new cases of pneumoconiosis was observed in 2012,accounting for 33. 10%,then followed by a tendency to decrease. The top three types of pneumoconiosis were pottery workers’ pneumoconiosis( 51. 41%),silicosis( 18. 31%),and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis( 11. 27%). The age of onset of new pneumoconiosis cases was mainly( 55-75) years( 59. 86%),and the length of service with dust exposure was mainly ≥20 years( 50. 00%). The mean age of onset of pneumoconiosis was( 64. 69 ± 11. 44) years,and the mean length of service with dust exposure was( 20. 08 ± 9. 42) years,which varied significantly across different types of pneumoconiosis( P <0. 05). The mean age of onset of stage Ⅲ pneumoconiosis was( 50. 78 ± 16. 97) years,which was significantly lower than that of stage Ⅰ/Ⅱ pneumoconiosis( P < 0. 05). As for industrial distribution,pneumoconiosis was mainly observed in manufacturing industry( 64. 79%),the highest number of pneumoconiosis cases was observed in state-owned economy( 80. 99%) and medium-sized enterprises( 64. 79%). Conclusion Pottery workers’ pneumoconiosis is the main type of pneumoconiosis in Haidian District of Beijing,mainly in several large-and medium-sized ceramic enterprises. Prevention and control measures should be strengthened for key enterprises,and physical examination should be performed for workers with dust exposure after retirement.