旅游小企业的家庭化生产对家庭代际团结的影响——西双版纳傣族园案例

The Family-based Production of Small Tourism Business and Its Impact on the Family Intergenerational Solidarity:The Case of Daizuyuan Garden,Xishuangbanna

文章根据傣族园旅游小企业的调研资料,基于家庭亲代与子代的双重视角,围绕代际功能性团结、结构性团结和规范性团结3个维度,从策略层面和实践层面分析旅游小企业的家庭化生产对家庭代际团结的影响机制。研究发现:(1)企业-家庭融合,具有季节性和非农化特征的旅游经营促进了家庭的工作-生活平衡,推动代际生产协作与生活互惠。(2)以家庭为单位、空间锁定且集聚性强的旅游经营促进了代际共担家庭义务,推动代际居住邻近和经济一体。(3)"小而平"的旅游经营巩固了家庭本位的关系实践,强化了代际关系主体对家庭主义、家庭责任以及代际伦理的认可。研究立足家庭层面,对旅游小企业的家庭代际团结进行实体归纳并指出其负面影响,丰富了中国家庭代际团结的理论内涵。研究揭示了旅游小企业的家庭化生产对家庭结构稳定与代际关系和谐的意义,为促进乡村旅游健康可持续发展、推进乡村振兴提供借鉴。

Family-based production plays a significant role in maintaining positive intergenerational family relationships of small tourism business,which can be well exemplified by the Daijiale(傣家乐)in Daizuyuan Garden,located at Xishuangbanna.Based upon semi-structured interviews and secondary data,this study aims to explore the roles of family-based production in small tourism business in establishing and stabilizing villagers’family relationships,with a particular look at the intergeneration relationships.This study primarily employs three measuring criteria-functional solidarity,structural solidarity and normative solidarity-to assess the family involvement,domestic division of labor,family structure and familism.It identifies three key enterprise-level strategies as well as three key tasklevel practices,which prove to be particularly helpful for fostering the intergenerational solidarity of family business.There are three findings.First,by employing the strategy of blending,business owners effectively integrate their small tourism business and family.Featuring prominent seasonality and non-agricultural activities,the small tourism business have promoted the work-life balance of the multigenerational families,which achieves labor division and cooperation in production,provides reciprocal care and thus promotes the functional solidarity.Second,family-based small tourism business,which characterized spatial fixity and agglomeration,make it possible that parents and adult children can shoulder the family duties.Parents and adult children tend to live nearby,sharing their family interests and maintaining the structural solidarity.Third,by employing the strategy of staying small and flat,it becomes easier and flexible to involve everyone in the tourism business and consolidates the family-oriented,which sustains normative solidarity.In the wake of this mobile society,this mode of small tourism business,in a tourism business logic,has improved the family ties,familism,family responsibilities,bridging the generational gaps and ingraining intergenerational ethics that are still regulating almost all of the family members.Nevertheless,some disadvantages might be incurred at the same time.The younger generations might overly depend on their parents and grandparents,and vice versa.Meanwhile,intergenerational ethics and families might be subjugated to and sometimes undermined by the economic profits gaining from family business.Focusing on the family level than individual level,this study makes a modest theoretical contribution to outlining the family intergenerational solidarity intervened by tourism business.In addition,it helps to provide guidance for maintaining intergenerational relations and achieving the sustainability of small tourism business in rural tourism communities.