法社会学能处理规范性问题吗?——以法社会学在中国法理学中的角色为视角

Can Legal Sociology Deal with Normative Problems? Under the Perspective of the Role of Legal Sociology in Chinese Jurisprudence

法社会学能否处理应然领域的规范性问题,是法理学研究的"元问题"之一。对诸多相关学说进行知识社会学考察,有助于全面澄清法社会学的规范性立场。事实与规范二元对立的观点,有其特定的西方语境,并在一定程度上被现代语言哲学所打破。经验面向的法社会学可以通过对"差异制造事实"和"社会规范"进行描述的方式,理论法社会学也可以通过建构规范目标的途径,各自承担起为法律系统找寻规范性根基的功能。法社会学所能提供的规范性是相对情境化和流动的,但依然不可或缺。当代中国法理学的重要任务是在社会实践及相关理论中为法律系统发掘正当性基础。作为有着天然优势的研究进路,法社会学理应在其中扮演重要的角色。

Whether legal sociology can deal with the normative problems serves as the"meta-problem"in jurisprudence. The study of various academic discourse in terms of sociology of knowledge is helpful to clarify the normative position of legal sociology. The viewpoint of binary opposition between fact and norm is contextualized in the West,and has been broken to some extent by modern philosophy of language. The experienceoriented legal sociology can get involved by describing"difference making facts"and"social norms",while the theoretical legal sociology can also assume the function of seeking normative foundation for the legal system by constructing normative goals. The normativity that legal sociology can provide is relatively situational and fluid,but it is still indispensable in modern society. The important task of contemporary jurisprudence in China is to explore the legitimate basis for law in social practice and theories. As an approach with natural advantages,legal sociology should play an important role in it.