论刑事诉讼规范的刑事政策化

On the Policyoriented Development of the Criminal Procedure Norms

现代刑事诉讼以程序多元化的发展为具象与表征,具备不断满足与回应社会现实需求的功能与品性。刑事诉讼规范的刑事政策化,是从社会视角对刑事诉讼规范发展趋势的一种理论概括。刑事政策作为社会需求的系统表达,在社会与法律之间充当媒介,将目的理性灌输到刑事诉讼规范体系的构建与适用。刑事政策对我国刑事诉讼规范体系的影响,历经了政治主导、政策与法律分立与刑事政策化三个发展阶段,逐渐从外部的实体性影响发展成为内部的目的性与价值性指引,使得规范体系的构建愈发具有功能主义特性。刑事诉讼规范的刑事政策化,意味着政治力量不再非理性地加诸法律之上,而是以刑事政策为载体,成为刑事诉讼规范逻辑演绎的内在结构参数,这体现在刑事政策的立法化与对法律解释的合目的性指引两个层面。然而,刑事政策的功利性导向与目的性思维,仍易对个体自由构成危害。因此,政治力量应当受到法律系统的有效规训。有必要建构一种刑事诉讼教义内部规范与合宪性外部控制的二元规训机制,确保政治力量遵循法律逻辑施加影响。

Modern criminal procedure has the trend of diversified development and increasingly meets the needs of social reality. The trend of criminal policy of procedure norms is a theoretical summary of the development of criminal procedure from a social perspective. As the systematic expression of social needs,criminal policy acts as a medium between society and the law,instilling rational purpose into the construction and application of the criminal procedure norm system. The influence of criminal policy on criminal procedure norm system has gone through three stages: criminal politics,separation of policy and law,and the trend of criminal policy. It has gradually developed from an external substantive influence to an internal purpose and value guide,making the norm system increasingly functionalistic. The trend of criminal policy of procedure norms means that political forces are no longer irrationally imposed on the law but used as the internal structural parameter of the logical development of criminal procedure norms,which is reflected in the legislation of criminal policy and purposeful guidance for legal interpretation. However,the utilitarian orientation and purposeful logics of criminal policy are still liable to harm individual freedom. Therefore,political forces should be effectively disciplined by the legal system. It is necessary to construct a dual discipline mechanism of criminal procedure internal norms and constitutional external control to ensure that political forces follow legal logic to exert influence.