棉隆土壤熏蒸对党参育苗品质和产量的效应

Enhancement of Quality and Yield in Codonopsis pilosula Seedlings by Soil Fumigation with Dazomet

目的:为了探寻党参高效高质育苗方法。方法:在党参主产区甘肃省宕昌县采用含98%甲基异硫氰酸酯的棉隆对土壤消毒后进行4个品种党参育苗,出苗后定期测定育苗田党参种苗生长动态及其品质产量差异。结果:(1)消毒使土壤酶活性变化趋势为抑制—恢复,使党参种苗根长增加9.8%,株高、株幅、茎长、茎粗、分支数、分节数、叶片数及拟合叶面积等田间生长指标不同程度提高,并且株高呈现"S"形生长趋势。其中,"甘党1号"和"甘党2号"生长优于"渭党1号"和"宕昌当地品种";(2)消毒使党参根部田间发病率降低4.9%,其中"甘党1号"和"甘党2号"田间发病率显著低于优于"渭党1号"和"宕昌当地品种";(3)消毒使党参种苗总株数增加61.50万株/hm^(2)(1 hm^(2)=1万m^(2)),其中一级种苗数增加45.3%,二级种苗数增加42.2%;(4)消毒使党参种苗产量提高42.4%,其中土壤消毒对"甘党2号"产量影响最为显著,产量提高61.8%,土壤消毒对"甘党1号"产量影响最弱,产量提高15.4%。(5)综合分析得出,消毒区党参种苗品质及产量优于未消毒区。结论:该研究揭示了育苗前土壤消毒与未消毒对不同品种党参品质及产量的影响程度,探明了土壤消毒虽然对不同党参品种育苗品种产量影响力度不同,但都表现为促进作用。

Objective:To explore the high-efficiency and high-quality seedling raising method of Codonopsis pilosula.Method:In the main production area of C.pilosula in the Tanchang county,Gansu province,after the soil was fumigated with dazomet(containing 98% methylisothiocyanate),four varieties of C.pilosula seedlings were raised.The dynamic change in growth and differences in quality and yield of C.pilosula seedlings after emergence were regularly determined.Result:(1) The soil enzyme activity was first inhibited and then restored by soil fumigation,which increased the root length of C.pilosula seedlings by 9.8%.Besides,the field growth indexes such as plant height,plant width,stem length,stem diameter,number of branches,number of nodes,number of leaves,and fitted leaf area increased in varying degrees,and the plant height showed an "S"-shaped growth trend."Gandang No.1" and "Gandang No.2" grew better than "Weidang No.1" and "Tanchang control".(2) Fumigation reduced the incidence rate of C.pilosula root in the field by 4.9%,and the incidence rates of "Gandang No.1" and "Gandang No.2" were significantly lower than those of "Weidang No.1" and "Tanchang control".(3) Fumigation increased the total number of C.pilosula seedlings by 6.15×10^(5) plants·hm^(-2),of which the number of primary seedlings increased by 45.3% and that of secondary seedlings increased by 42.2%.(4) Fumigation increased the seedling yield of C.pilosula by 42.4%.It showed the most significant effect on the yield of "Gandang No.2",which increased by 61.8%,and the weakest effect on the yield of "Gandang No.1",which increased by 15.4%.(5) Comprehensive analysis showed that the quality and yield of C.pilosula seedlings in the fumigation area were better than those in the non-fumigation area.Conclusion:The results showed that soil fumigation showed a promoting effect on the seedling yield of C.pilosula in spite of different effects achieved in terms of different varieties.