生态文明视角下我国《宪法》自然资源利用条款的新阐释

A New Interpretation of Articles on Natural Resource Utilization in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

《宪法》中自然资源利用条款存在几个问题:一是未厘清自然资源保护与利用的关系,导致自然资源开发利用具有优先性;二是第二十六条"保护环境"的规定不能当然作为自然资源保护的宪法依据;三是自然资源合理利用过于僵化。生态文明作为《宪法》确认的价值,要求融合环境与自然资源的概念;实行保护优先,避免采用自然资源保护的中性表述;自然资源"合理利用"应包括节约利用、合理利用、综合利用、循环利用;第九条应增加"国家保障节约自然资源"的规定,贯彻节约资源的基本国策。

A few issues are identified in the articles relating to natural resource utilization in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China.One is the failure in clarifying the relationship of natural resource protection and utilization,which leads to the priority exploitation of natural resources.The other is that the provisions of environmental protection in Article 26 should not be assumed as the constitutional ground for natural resource protection.In addition,the rational utilization of natural resources is stipulated rigidly.As the confirmed value in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China,ecological civilization calls for the conceptual integration of environment and natural resources.Priority should be given to protection,and it is supposed to avoid such neutral statement as natural resource protection. "Rational utilization" of natural resources should involve being economical,rational,comprehensive and cyclic.Furthermore,that the state ensures the conservation of natural resources is suggested to be supplemented in the articles so as to carry out the basic state policy of resource conservation.