乡村旅游产业发展视阈下宅基地“三权分置”改革的困境与进路

Dilemmas and Paths of the Reform for the Three Rights Separation in Homestead from the Perspective of the Development of Rural Tourism Industry

乡村旅游产业的发展增加了对农村稀缺建设用地的需求,宅基地"三权分置"改革释放了宅基地的财产属性,为宅基地乡村旅游利用提供了有效且恰当的路径。但目前宅基地使用权权能残缺掣肘乡村旅游产业投资、宅基地"三权分置"法权结构不明阻碍乡村旅游投资的效益实现、宅基地所有权人的土地增值收益分享权未落实导致乡村旅游产业利益分配失衡、基层政府在宅基地"三权分置"改革中的缺位和越位行为影响乡村旅游产业的健康发展。应重塑宅基地使用权法定权能吸引多层次的乡村旅游产业投资、构建"所有权+宅基地使用权+次级宅基地使用权"的法权结构以提升乡村旅游产业效益、明确宅基地所有权人的土地增值收益分享权以实现乡村产业利益分配平衡、规范基层政府在宅基地"三权分置"改革中的行为以优化乡村旅游产业发展的宏观环境。

As the rural tourism industry develops,it increases the demands for scarce construction land in rural areas.The property attributes of the homestead are released under the reform of "three rights separation in homestead,which provide an effective and appropriate path for the exploitation of rural tourism.However,the investment in the rural tourism industry is hindered by the incomplete right to the use of homestead.The realization of the benefits from rural tourism investment is also impeded due to the unclear structure of the legal rights in the " three rights separation " in homestead.The imbalance in the distribution of benefits from the rural tourism industry results from the failure in guaranteeing the land value-added income sharing rights of homestead owners.Furthermore,the healthy development of the rural tourism industry is affected by the absence and offside behaviors of grass-roots governments in the reform of " three rights separation in homestead.Therefore,it is necessary to reshape the legal power of the right to the use of homestead so as to attract the multi-level investments in the rural tourism industry.The legal power structure that integrates the "ownership,right to the use of homestead and secondary right to the use of homestead" should be set up to improve the benefits of the rural tourism industry.The land value-added income sharing rights of homestead owners can be clarified so as to achieve the balanced distribution of rural industrial interests.Moreover,the behaviors of grass-roots governments should be regulated in the reform of "three rights separation" in homestead so as to optimize the macro environment for the development of rural tourism industry.