3D打印技术在瓣膜性心脏病手术中的应用

Applications of three-dimensional(3D) printing technology in surgical treatment of valvular heart disease

心血管3D打印技术是指根据超声心动图、计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像获得的容积成像数据集,制作患者特定的心脏解剖模型。它能够实现解剖结构的可视化,甚至有助于理解血流动力学,制定手术计划及术前模拟。鉴于患者解剖结构的高度变异性和复杂性,3D打印技术率先在先天性心脏病的治疗中得到广泛应用。随着技术与器械的进步,瓣膜性心脏病病的手术治疗方式发生了巨大的变革。对于如经导管主动脉瓣置换术、经导管二尖瓣成形术等术式,外科医师在术前需要深入了解主动脉根部的解剖结构及钙化程度等个体化信息。因而3D打印技术也被进一步推广应用于瓣膜性心脏病外科手术中,本文就此进行综述。

Cardiovascular three-dimensional printing technology refers to the creation of patient-specific cardiac anatomical models based on volumetric imaging datasets obtained by echocardiography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. It enables visualization of anatomical structures and helps to understand hemodynamics, make surgical plans and preoperative simulations. Given the high variability and complexity of patient anatomy, 3 D printing technology was first widely used in the treatment of congenital heart disease. With the advancement of technology and equipment, the surgical treatment of valvular heart disease has developed great changes. The details of the anatomy of the aortic root, degree of calcification and other individualized information are required before the procedures such as transcatheter aortic valve replacement and transcatheter mitral repair. Therefore, three-dimensional printing technology has also been further popularized and applied in the surgical treatment of valvular heart disease, which is introduced in this article.