政府责任清单制度有效性分析——基于新制度主义政治学的视角

An Analysis on the Effectiveness of the Governmental Responsibilities List System: Perspectives from Neo-institutionalism in Political Science

政府责任清单制度是"放管服"改革的一项重要创新,其目标在于推动各级政府及政府部门的职权确位,职责归位,进一步优化政府职责体系,固化政府职能转变成果。然而,实践中系列改革举措对于达成制度目标的助益都比较有限,未能全面实现制度设计的初衷。根据新制度主义政治学理论,通过构建符合中国改革场景的分析框架,可以在厘清政府责任清单制度有效性的影响因素和运行逻辑基础上,检视其制度绩效。研究发现,政府责任清单制度有效性未能充分发挥的原因,并非仅是之前文献研究集中探讨的清单编制问题,还受制度构建、制度运行、制度环境与制度相关方等综合因素的影响。进一步的改革,政府应坚持系统观念与协同思维,对影响制度有效性的诸多因素加以整合,构建起制度有效运作的闭环系统,为责任清单制度有效运行创造良好环境。

The governmental responsibilities list system is an important innovation in the reform of"decentralization, supervision and service". It aims to define the power and authority of the government departments at all levels, returning their responsibilities and optimizing the governmental responsibility system, thereby solidifying the achievements of transforming governmental responsibilities. However, in practice, a series of reform measures have been relatively limited in helping to achieve system goals, and have failed to fully realize the original intention of the system design. The performance of the system can be reviewed by constructing an analytical framework in line with China’s reform conditions, in order to clarify the factors and operational logic which influence the effectiveness of the governmental responsibility list system, in accordance with the theories of neo-institutionalism in political science. Findings suggest that the reasons behind why the effectiveness of the governmental responsibilities list system have not been fully realized are not just related to the issue of list compiling, which has been explored in previous literature, but influenced by the comprehensive factors such as the construction, operation and environment, as well as other relevant entities of the system. To further the reforms, the government should adhere to the systemic idea of collaborative thinking, integrate the various factors influencing the effectiveness of the governmental responsibilities list system, construct a cyclical mechanism guaranteeing its effective operation, and ensure an adequate operational environment.