刘坤一在中日甲午战争中的“持久战”战略思想

Liu Kunyi’s Strategic Thought of“Protracted War”in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895

晚清重臣、湘军宿将刘坤一在中日甲午战争期间担任钦差大臣督师抗战,提出了对日"持久战"军事思想,其基本依据为:彼劳我逸,宗社攸关。基本内容为:在"以守撑持,坚忍胜之"宗旨下实施"避其锋芒,养精蓄锐"、"形格势禁,制变设奇"、"兵民相耦,重视根本"与"因势利导,商结外援"的策略。总而观之,刘坤一论对日"持久战"军事思想在当时不失为一种积极而有见地的反侵略战略思想,在遏制日本继续深入进攻的嚣张气焰,稳定国内政权等方面具有积极意义。

Liu Kunyi, an important minister and a veteran general of the Hunan army in the late Qing Dynasty,served as an imperial envoy to supervise the war of resistance against Japan during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895,and proposed the military thought of"protracted war". Liu Kunyi’s military thought of"protracted war"was based on the principles of"draining the enemy and preserving ourselves", and"framing the conflict as integral to the survival of the nation". Its basic contents disclosed: under the tenets that"defense achieves endurance and perseverance gains victory", the strategies implemented were those of"preserving one’s own energy by avoiding the enemy vanguard","throwing the enemy off-balance by making unexpected tactical variations","attaching importance to the basis of keeping the army and people in harmony,"and"taking advantage of the situation by negotiating for foreign support and aid". In summary, Liu Kunyi’s military thought of"protracted war"was an insightful strategy of anti-aggression at that time, which was positive in curbing the overconfidence of Japan’s in-depth attacks and a stabilizing factor in China’s domestic regime at that time.