中国大学治理模式的演进及时代特征

The Evolution of Chinese University Governance and Characteristics of the Times

大学治理是国家治理的题中之义,日益成为国家治理体系不可或缺的组成部分和国家治理能力的重要体现。新中国大学治理模式阶段性演进始终与马克思主义教育理论的继承发展、与国家治理现代化历史变迁相伴相随。考察国家治理变革背景下中国大学现代化发展的历史脉络,可以把中国大学治理现代化路径演进划分为新中国成立初期的"全能型大学治理"模式"、教育大革命"后的"政治导向型大学治理"模式、改革开放初期的"经济服务型大学治理"模式和新时期"科学发展型大学治理"模式四个阶段。在此基础上我们分析和归纳出新时代"中国特色社会主义大学治理"模式。这一模式具有更加注重治理依据战略性、治理目标全局性、治理结构系统性、治理改进创新性、治理评价科学性等特征。

University governance is an indispensable part of the national governance system and also a significant manifestation of national governance capabilities. The evolution of university governance models in new China have continuously been accompanied by the development of Marxist education theories throughout the modernization of national governance. By examining the historical context of Chinese universities’ modernization in national governance transformation over the past seventy years, we can classify the evolution of Chinese university governance into four models: 1)"all-round university governance"in the early times of new China;2)"politically oriented university governance"after the"great education revolution";3)"economic-service oriented university governance"during the early stages of the Reform and Opening-up;and 4)"scientific development oriented university governance"in the new era. Based on this classification, our analysis and findings point to the model of"socialist university governance with Chinese characteristics", which emphasizes the fundamental governance strategies, the comprehensive governance goals, the systemic governance structure, the innovative governance improvements, and the scientific governance evaluation.