数字平台的数据风险及其规制

Data Risk and Regulation of Digital Platforms

有效规制数字平台的数据风险是数字经济得以高质量发展的前提。作为数字经济最具竞争力的组织形式,数字平台在积累、集聚、集中数据的过程中,在个人、行业、国家三个层面上形成诸多风险。数据流通中牵扯到多元主体和复杂流程,数据垄断、数据安全、个人隐私保护、国家主权等问题并生杂糅,带来全球性、跨领域、多层次的复杂规制难题,单一的规制手段无法平衡多维目标。因此,应构建综合性的规制体系解决数字平台的数据风险:于国内市场形成以反垄断为核心、其他规制手段协同的规制合力,同时注重平台自治和政府规制的融合,充分激发规制的协同价值;于国际市场形成多边合作的共治关系,通过“国内制度—国际规则”的路径完成国内数据规则的国际延伸,在保障数据安全和国家主权的基础上充分推动数据的跨境流通。

Effectively regulating the data risks of digital platforms is a prerequisite for the high-quality development of digital economy.As the most competitive organizational form of digital economy,digital platforms have created a lot of risks in the process of accumulating,gathering and centralizing data at three levels:individuals,industries and countries.Data circulation involves multiple subjects and complex processes.Data monopoly,data security,personal privacy protection,national sovereignty and other issues are mixed,resulting in global,cross-domain,multi-level complex regulatory problems.A single regulatory means cannot balance multi-dimensional goals.Therefore,a comprehensive regulatory system should be constructed to solve the data risks of digital platforms.In the domestic market,it forms a regulatory force with anti monopoly as the core and coordination of other regulatory means.At the same time,it focuses on the integration of platform autonomy and government regulations to fully stimulate the synergistic value of regulation.In the international market,we should promote the formation of a multilateral cooperative and co-governance relationship,complete the international extension of domestic data rules through the path of"domestic institutions-international rules",and fully promote the cross border circulation of data on the basis of ensuring data security and national sovereignty.