践行“两山论”,推进陕北水土保持高质量发展

Practicing the“Two Mountains Theory”and Promoting the High⁃Quality Development of Soil and Water Conservation in Northern Shaanxi

陕北地处黄河中游、黄土高原腹地,多年平均入黄泥沙量占入黄总沙量的一半以上,陕北水土流失治理和生态保护成效对黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展重大国家战略的实施具有关键作用。为了给陕北地区水土保持高质量发展提供参考,基于对陕北水土流失治理现状和治理模式的总结,对新时期促进陕北水土保持高质量发展的途径和水土流失治理模式的创新思路进行了探索。为推进陕北地区水土保持高质量发展,应深刻领会并践行“绿水青山就是金山银山,坚持生态优先、绿色发展”的理念,从规划编制、组织建设、投资机制和问责机制等方面入手做好顶层设计,站在全局和战略的高度加强水沙关系、林草措施配置比例、旱作梯田和淤地坝建设等相关重大问题研究,创新水土保持投入机制、水土保持措施(设施)运行管护制度、科技支撑体制机制;在具体的治理模式方面,应加大力度对现有老旧梯田提质增效和病险淤地坝除险加固,调整林草措施比例、适度加大人工种草治理规模,合理配置工程措施、植物措施和农业措施,加大封禁治理措施比重,加大生态清洁小流域建设力度。

Northern Shaanxi is located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the hinterland of the Loess Plateau.The average sedi⁃ment inflow into the Yellow River for many years accounts for more than half of the total sediment of the Yellow River.The effectiveness of soil erosion control and ecological protection in northern Shaanxi plays a key role in the implementation of the national strategy of ecological protection and high⁃quality development of the Yellow River Basin.In order to provide reference for the high quality development of soil and water conservation in northern Shaanxi,the approaches to promote the high⁃quality development of soil and water conservation in the new pe⁃riod and the innovative ideas of soil and water loss control mode were explored based on the summary of the current situation and mode of soil and water loss control in northern Shaanxi.For high quality development of soil and water conservation in northern Shaanxi region,the con⁃cept of“green mountains and clear water are equal to mountains of gold and silver and adhere to ecological priority and green development”should be understood and practiced.The top⁃level design should be taken from the planning,organization construction,the investment mech⁃anism and accountability mechanism and other aspects.Relevant major issues such as the relationship between runoff and sediment,the allo⁃cation ratio of forest and grass measures,the construction of dry farming terraces and check dams should be strengthened from the perspective of the overall situation and strategy.Water and soil conservation input mechanism,water and soil conservation measures(facility)operation management and protection system,and scientific and technological support system mechanisms need to be innovated.In terms of specific governance models,efforts should be made to improve the quality and efficiency of the existing old terraces,to remove dangers and reinforce the dangerous check dams,adjust the proportion of forest and grass measures,appropriately increase the scale of artificial grass planting,and rationally configure engineering measures,plant measures and agricultural measures,increase the proportion of banned control measures,and increase the construction of ecologically clean small watersheds.