疾病易感知觉对焦虑的影响:确定控制感的中介及社会支持的调节

Effect of perceived vulnerability to disease on anxiety:The mediating role of certainty in control and moderating role of social support

目的:为探讨新冠肺炎流行期间民众疾病易感知觉对焦虑的影响及潜在作用机制。方法:采用疾病易感知觉问卷、确定控制感问卷、社会支持评定量表、焦虑自评量表对5288名普通民众进行网络调查;采取偏差矫正的非参数百分位Bootstrap方法检验确定控制感的中介作用和社会支持的调节作用。结果:疾病易感知觉与确定控制感显著负相关(r=-0.26,P<0.001),与焦虑显著正相关(r=0.28,P<0.001)。中介模型检验表明,确定控制感部分中介疾病易感知觉对焦虑的影响,中介效应值为0.08,效应量为28.6%。简单斜率检验表明,随着民众社会支持水平的提升(从Z=-1到Z=1),疾病易感知觉对焦虑水平的预测作用减弱(从β=0.26,t=16.73,P<0.001到β=0.15,t=12.64,P<0.001),对确定控制感的预测作用减弱(从β=0.29,t=-18.56,P<0.001到β=-0.18,t=-14.48,P<0.001)。结论:新冠疫情期间民众疾病易感知觉显著降低民众确定控制感,进而导致更高水平的焦虑,良好的社会支持对疾病易感知觉对焦虑和确定控制感起到缓冲作用。

Objective:To investigate the effect of perceived vulnerability to disease on anxiety and the underlying mechanism during the COVID-19.Methods:A total of 5288 citizens were investigated in a online survey with PVDQ,CCS,SSAS and Anxiety Scale.A nonparametric percentile Bootstrap method for deviation correction was used to test the mediating effect of control sense and the moderating effect of social support.Results:Correlation analysis showed that perceived vulnerability to disease was negatively correlated with control sense(r=-0.26,P<0.001),and was positively correlated with anxiety(r=0.28,P<0.001).Mediation modeling analysis showed that control sense partly mediated the relationship between perceived vulnerability to disease and anxiety,with effect value of 0.08 and effect amount of 28.6%.Simple slope tests showed that with the improvement of social support(from Z=-1 to Z=1),the predictive effect of perceived vulnerability to disease on anxiety was weakened(fromβ=0.26,t=16.73,P<0.001 toβ=0.15,t=12.64,P<0.001),the predictive effect of perceived vulnerability to disease on control sense was also weakened(fromβ=0.29,t=-18.56,P<0.001 toβ=-0.18,t=-14.48,P<0.001).Conclusion:The perceived vulnerability to disease significantly reduces the control sense of the citizens during the COVID-19,thus lead to higher levels of anxiety,and social support can buffer the mechanisms mentioned above.