偶然情绪的效价和强度对风险决策的交互影响

Interactive influence of the valence and intensity of accidental emotions on risk decision-making

目的:探讨不同的情绪效价和情绪强度如何交互影响风险决策。方法:随机选取191名大学生参加实验,参考强迫选择赌博范式,使用E-prime 2.0程序编制金钱赌博游戏任务;采用4(情绪效价:控制、中性、消极、积极)×3(情绪强度:低强度、中等强度、高等强度)的二因素混合实验设计,记录被试风险决策的反应时和风险规避比率。结果:(1)在决策反应时上:第一,情绪效价主效应显著。决策反应时在积极情绪下显著低于消极情绪下的;第二,情绪强度主效应显著。决策反应时在低情绪强度下显著短于中高情绪强度下的;第三,情绪效价与情绪强度的交互作用显著(F=3.939,P<0.01)。中等情绪强度下,积极组的反应时明显低于其它情绪组;高等情绪强度下,消极组的反应时明显高于其它情绪组。(2)在风险规避比率上:第一,情绪效价主效应显著。积极情绪的风险规避率显著低于控制组,而消极情绪下的风险规避率显著高于控制组;第二,情绪强度主效应显著。低情绪强度下的风险回避倾向显著强于其它。结论:(1)人们在做风险决策时,会受到情绪效价和强度的交互影响;(2)处于积极的偶然情绪状态下时,不管情绪强度如何,其风险决策都相对较快;但处于高强度的消极偶然情绪状态下时,其风险决策就会变慢;(3)在积极的偶然情绪状态下,人们做决策更倾向于寻求风险;但在消极的偶然情绪状态下,人们更倾向于回避风险。

Objective:To explore how the different emotional valences and emotional intensity interact with risk decision making.Methods:A total of 191 college students were randomly selected for experiments;Refering to the gambling paradigm of forcedchoice,we used E-prime 2.0 software to design the money gambling game programming,and used the two factors mixed experimental designwith 4(Emotion potency:Control,neutral,negative and positive)×3(Emotional intensity:Low,moderate,high)to record the reaction time and theavoiding riskratioof risk decision making.Results:(1)In terms of decision response time,the main effect of emotion valence was significant,and the decision response time of positive emotion was significantly lower than that of negative emotion;The main effect of emotional intensity was significant.The decision response time under low emotional intensity was significantly shorter than that under medium and high emotional intensity.The interaction between emotional valence and emotional intensity was significant(F=3.939,P<0.01).Under moderate emotional intensity,the response time of positive group was significantly lower than that of other emotional groups.Under high emotional intensity,the reaction time of negative group was significantly higher than that of other emotional groups.(2)In terms of risk avoidance ratio,the main effect of emotional valence was significant.The risk avoidance rate of positive emotion was significantly lower than that of control group,while the risk avoidance rate of negative emotion was significantly higher than that of control group.The main effect of emotional intensity was significant,and the risk avoidance tendency was stronger under low emotional intensity.Conclusion:Decision-making is fast under no emotion and medium-high intensity positive incidental emotion,and slow under medium-high intensity negative incidental emotion.The risk seeking tendency is stronger in the case of positive accidental emotions,and the risk avoidance tendency is stronger in the case of positive accidental emotions,and the risk avoidance tendency is stronger in the case of negative accidental emotions.