地缘博弈中的全球网络空间资源争夺

Contentions of cyberspace resources in global geopolitical game

采用社会网络分析法和洛伦兹曲线,从网络空间的基础设施和虚拟资源两个方面定量分析了全球网络空间资源分配的格局和现状。结果表明,海底电缆、互联网数据中心和交换中心等网络空间的物理基础设施主要分布在欧洲和北美洲;海底电缆在特定区域汇集,形成了以吕宋海峡、马六甲海峡、苏伊士运河一红海一曼德海峡为主的几大国际互联网数据流量“咽喉”要道;埃及、美国、印度尼西亚、日本、菲律宾、英国、科特迪瓦等国在整个网络结构中处于关键地位,是最重要的枢纽节点;在网络空间虚拟资源分配方面,同样存在严重的分配不均,欧美国家少数的人口占据了大部分网络空间资源;中国在IPv6领域改变了以往的落后局面,但未来仍有很大发展空间。针对研究结果,从海底电缆和数据中心等网络空间基础设施建设、全球网络空间虚拟资源竞争等方面提出了相应的政策建议,并强调要维护国家网络空间主权和国家安全,加强网络新技术的研究和应用,绘制网络空间地理图谱,实现网络空间的“挂图作战”,提高国家网络安全保障能力。

The cyberspace has become the"fifth strategic domain"after the land,the sea,the air and the space,providing a new platform for geopolitical games.The developed countries dominate the formulation of cyberspace rules and hold a large portion of cyberspace strategic resources,leaving a huge gap of the global cyberspace development.This paper makes a social network analysis by using the Lorenz curve to quantitatively describe the pattern and the current allocation of the global cyberspace resources.It is shown that the physical infrastructures of the cyberspace,such as the submarine cables,the Internet data centers and the Internet exchange points,are mainly located in Europe and North America.The convergence of the submarine cables in specific areas has formed several major"points of the throat"for the Internet data traffic,namely,the Luzon Strait,the Malacca Strait,the Suez Canal,the Red Sea and the Mantel Strait.Egypt,the United States,Indonesia,Japan,the Philippines,the United Kingdom,and Cote d'Ivoire play key roles in the entire network structure,carrying a large amount of Internet data traffic;in terms of virtual resources in the cyberspace,there is also a serious uneven distribution,with a small population in Europe and the United States sharing most of the network resources.China has come out of the backward situation in the field of IPv6,but there is still a large distance to go for the development in the future.This paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations in terms of the construction of the cyberspace infrastructure such as the submarine cables and the data centers,and the virtual resources in the global cyberspace.Besides,this study emphasizes the needs to defend cyberspace sovereignty and national security,strengthen the research and application of new cybersecurity technologies,draw the geographical map of cyberspace,and improve the capability of national cybersecurity assurance.