老年人家庭经济支持影响因素与城乡比较研究

Family financial support for the elderly population in the mainland of China:a study on the influencing factors and rural-urban disparities

中国人口快速老龄化,家庭在养老福利供给方面扮演着重要角色。基于代际团结理论和动机理论,使用中国健康与养老追踪调查数据,以定量分析方法探讨老年人家庭经济支持的分布状况、影响因素及相关城乡差异。研究发现,全国样本中有53.5%的老年人收到非同住子女的家庭经济支持,农村老年人收到非同住子女经济支持的比例明显高于城镇老年人,但其获得的经济支持额度低于城镇老年人。Logistic回归分析结果显示,老年人是否能收到家庭经济支持受老年人需要结构、家庭结构、社会文化、环境结构以及代际支持交换等因素的影响,且养老金、家庭居住方式等因素的影响在城乡有所不同。保障老年人的生活品质、维持家庭福利稳定供给,政府和社会可以从个体和家庭等不同层面为老年人及其家庭提供必要支持。

Since China’s ageing process has picked up speed,family becomes increasingly important for the elderly. Using the intergenerational solidarity theory and motivation theory,on the basis of the CHARLS data analysis,this research investigates the family financial support for the elderly in the mainland of China,its influencing factors,and the rural-urban disparities. We have the following results. 53. 5% of the Chinese elderly population receive financial support from their non-coresident children,and the percentage in rural areas is higher than that in the urban areas,but the amount is smaller. The Logistic regression result shows that the influencing factors behind this include the elderly’s needs for support,family structure,cultural-contextual structure and inter-generational support exchange and much more. Among them,the influence of such factors as pension varies between rural and urban areas. Our findings can help governments and NGOs in supporting the elderly population and their families.