6个葛品种(系)花部形态特征观察

Observation on floral morphological characteristics of six cultivars(lines)of Pueraria montana

葛〔Pueraria montana(Loureiro)Merrill〕隶属于豆科(Fabaceae)葛属(Pueraria DC.),为多年生藤本植物,是重要的药食两用植物[1]。随着葛产品的不断开发应用,葛品种出现感病率高,产量低,投入成本增加而经济效益减少等问题[2-3]。已有研究主要集中于葛的种质资源收集[4-6]、营养成分分析[7-9]、药理作用[10-12]和栽培[13-16]等方面,关于葛杂交育种方面的报道较少。季志平等[17]在葛品种杂交选育过程中发现,种子繁殖更容易发现具有新的遗传特性的个体。

In this study,six cultivars(lines)of Pueraria montana(Loureiro)Merrill containing‘Guige 8’,‘Gange 5’,‘Huangjinge’,‘Heshui Fenge’,‘NYG1’and‘NYG2’were used as the research objects,and their floral morphological characteristics were observed and compared.The results show that the calyx of P.montana is bell shaped,connected at the base,and divided into 4 petals in the middle;the calyx tooth length is 1.38-2.00 cm and the calyx tooth width is 0.42-0.64 cm;the vexil is suborbicular or oblong,the petal is fusiform at the front and interrolled forked at the base,and the keel encloses stamen and pistil;the stamen is a diploid stamen,with a length of 2.12-2.36 cm;the pistil length is 2.42-2.68 cm.On the whole,the calyx tooth length,vexil length,vexil width,stamen length and pistil length of‘Heshui Fenge’are the largest,and the calyx tooth width,petal length and keel length are also large.The differences of floral morphology of different cultivars(lines)of P.montana can provide reference for the breeding of its new cultivars(lines).