日常知识归赋视角下的知识等级论研究

A Study on Epistemic Gradualism from the Perspective of Ordinary Knowledge Ascriptions

传统知识论者普遍认为,"知"与"不知"属于非此即彼的是非判断,知识并不存在等级差异。然而,从知识等级论的角度看,从"不知"到"全知"的认知过程可理解为一个从"0"至"1"的连续体,知识具有等级性。本研究借助大规模语料库BCC和iWeb语料库搜集中文和英文的日常知识使用数据,旨在为知识等级论提供数据佐证,同时从知识构件、知识可错性及实践性知识三个方面为知识等级论做出理论辩护,研究结果有助于深化人们对知识本质的理解和认识,从而可望助推对知识绝对论与知识等级论、知识可错论与不可错论之纷争的消解。

Traditional epistemologists generally hold that knowledge(or knowing)and non-knowledge(or not knowing)is a matter of yes/no judgment and that knowledge is never gradable.However,epistemic gradualism advocates that knowledge is gradable and that the cognitive process from ignorance to full knowledge can be understood as a continuum ranging from“0”to“1”.This study aims to provide empirical evidence for epistemic gradualism by collecting data of ordinary use of knowledge both in Chinese and English from the corpora BCC and iWeb.In addition,theoretical defense has been given in the paper from the perspectives of the constituents of knowledge,the fallibility of knowledge and how-knowledge.The study has profound implications in that it may not only help to deepen our understanding of the nature of knowledge but also facilitate the resolution of the disputes between knowledge absolutism and epistemic gradualism on the one hand,and between epistemic fallibilism and epistemic infallibilism on the other.